Accountability Of Public Administration An Era Of...

In a profession world, individuals seek accountability and honor as one of the most leading characteristics of all time. For example, in a normal workplace honor and accountability are made to be all about leadership. The goal is to always hold a very professional setting and have whoever’s working with you to be accountable of a respectable tone towards you. A majority of the individuals in a professional workplace won’t take time out to get to know the origin, on how honor and accountability were brought to our attention and exactly where it came from. Accountability defines as â€Å"An increasingly complex and difficult concept for public administration and also becomes more difficult to ensure in an era of government reform. â€Å"One issue that’s regarding accountability in public administration surrounds the tension between the â€Å"neutral competence† and â€Å"responsive competence† of civil servants.† (Bovens, M. A. P., Robert E. G oodin, and Thomas Schillemans).When we further discuss how important accountability is in public administration we make sure to explain how complex and difficult it can be when dealing with private or public sectors. While analyzing accountability and responsibility goes hand and hand, being a responsible agent, trustworthy and accountable are big steps to becoming a major leader in the near future. As mentioned responsibility is based more on a controlled behavior, or should we say more on how a person handles the situation that is given to him or her.Show MoreRelatedNpm And Performance Management Related Literatures1344 Words   |  6 Pageswas primarily concerned with efficiency and performance.† (Jarrar and Schiuma, 2007) 2.1. INTRODUCTION Efficiency and performance become two key words for the reform that held by countries in the world. Started in the developed countries, namely United Kingdom and United States under their leader, Margaret Thatcher and Ronald Reagan era, this doctrine then spread to Australia, New Zealand, Europe, Africa, Latin America and Asia. NPM spread and breadth expand globally. Inevitably, this so-calledRead MoreThe Administration Of Public Health1286 Words   |  6 Pagesimportant element was the fact that public health is not properly funded to address many of the health care needs such as disease prevention with only a small percentage of funding going to public health. This emphasizes the point that there is minimal importance given to this sector in health care. Lastly, the ACA faced the challenge due to the same opposition and concerns from the past. Concerns such as maintaining privatized insurance, paying the cost of this reform on the nation, and increasing theRead MoreNo Child Left Behind Act Vs. Every Student Succeeds Act Essay1711 Words   |  7 PagesPost, to nearly every small town daily chronicle, celebrated the end of a much-maligned era; that of No Child Left Behind. On this momentous occasion, President Barack Obama signed into law the Every Student Succeeds Act (ESSA) of 2015. This measure was meant to reauthorize the Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA) of 1965 that was introduced during President Lyndon B. Johnson’s Great Society Reform. Most importantly, for Americans, it replaced the No Child Left Behind Act (NCLB) institutedRead MoreA Study Of Public Administration1516 Words   |  7 PagesSince Woodrow Wilson (1889) published the article, â€Å"a study of public administration†, the main question in the field of public administration is how to govern a democratic and political entity. Given public administration conventionally concerns about civil servants and agencies in the executive branch, one among diverse and essential subfields is bureaucracy and organizational theory. In general, the development of studies on bureaucracy and organizational theory has gone through the period ofRead MorePublic Grievances With Emphasis On Administrative Law Essay960 Words   |  4 Pages The government of a country has been understood to be of vital importance for purposes of stability, responsibility, and accountability of the nation. China’s government is no less different from this important context. With the complex structure of China’s government, scholars have argued that the government’s function, with its high favorability rate, is an interesting dynamic that no other country possesses. Although there are many functions that a government should be fulfilling, Teresa WrightRead MoreNigeria Civil Service Reforms Since Independence Till Date..5545 Words   |  23 Pagesservice reforms from independence till date. It first highlights civil service reform programs attempted by various pre and post-independence Nigerian governments. Within this context I will addresses key issues, challenges, and factors that impeded implementation of previous civil service reform programs. Next , I will explore future policy directions for enhancing the design and implementation of a sustainable civil service reform program. I will conclude by recapitulating the key policy reform measuresRead MoreNew Public Management And Administrative Philosophy Essay3038 Words   |  13 PagesIntroduction: New Public Management is a management philosophy which is used by the government since 1980s to bring up to date the public sectors. Many developed and developing countries are now testing about the applicability of New Public Management in their context. New Public Management is conceived as administrative argument and administrative philosophy (Hood,1991) where these two concepts were fraternal rather than identical twins. The concept of administrative argument and administrativeRead MoreThe New Public Management ( Npm ) Essay3668 Words   |  15 Pagesremains our focus of attention. Inception New public management (NPM) is basically management techniques and practices come from private sector. Now it is a global phenomenon. NPM emphasizes actually on shifting the traditional public administration to new public management. The key elements of NPM including various forms of decentralization within the public sector, the creation of autonomous agencies, reducing corruption in public administration, budgeting digitally, market focused economy andRead MoreAdministrative Corruption Is Now A Buzzword For The Current Era Essay1360 Words   |  6 PagesAdministrative corruption is now a buzzword for the current era. It differs from country to country as it’s effects are varying on the basis of socio ­economic and political structure and the proportion of a nation’s growth. It makes a public or, private organisation untrustworthy and increase nullification negligence and in society. Corruption has been the problem belonging ever since from the human civilisation.Co rruption is not a new phenomenon Bangladesh. It got heavily engaged with the administrativeRead MoreThe Role Of The State Essay1641 Words   |  7 Pagesnot have so-called rent-seeking behavior in the government. However, Stiglitz (1996) argues convincingly that the success of the economic development of a country, the USA for example, has got something to do with the state intervention. He also points out that â€Å"from birth to death, our lives are affected in countless ways by the activities of government† (Stiglitz, 1986). It is necessary here to clarify exactly what is meant by state and government. The understanding of state concept here in this

Comparing Childhood Studies And Child Psychology - 1368 Words

Part 1: Comparing and contrasting childhood studies and child psychology a. What are the main features of childhood studies? (400 words) Childhood studies is a subject area surrounding the study of children’s lives through many different concepts or ideas with many different features. It is related to many different fields such as law, history, sociology, health, anthropology and much more as Martin Woodhead (Open University) said â€Å"It uses multiple methods rather than just singular methods† and is â€Å"inter-disciplinary† Childhood studies expresses and tries to understand the many different parts of a child’s life and the different issues surrounding childhood, therefore it has many different features. One of the main features of childhood studies is the idea that childhood is socially constructed. This means that not all childhoods are the same and that it may differ depending on the time in which it is taking place, as well as the social environment or the place that it is taking place. This can be seen at the Museum of Childhood, and how different times have shown changes in the way children act, play, dress, or ultimately are treated in society. Additionally it draws on key differences in the human societies affecting different childhoods in any given period or place, and can examine how the childhood in that given period is constructed. Furthermore a social constructionist looks at the consequences of any given factor and the impact it has on children. Another featureShow MoreRelatedThe Relationship Between Essentialist And Contextualist Standpoints On Personality Continuity866 Words   |  4 Pagesundeniable observations of personality change following brain trauma. Developments in genetic research and cognitive psychology in recent years support the notion that personality is ingrained in individuals, and therefore unchanging. While it had been hypothesised since the 1960s that individuals could be genetically predisposed to psychiatric disorders (Heston, 1966), this field of study has expanded to explore the predisposition of personality traits, where it is now believed that genetic differencesRead MoreJohn Watson Vs. Carl Rogers770 Words   |  4 PagesVs. Carl Rogers An Exploration in the History of Psychology Bradley (Afton) Hill Davidson County Community College Introduction Throughout the span of history, psychology has always existed. Humans have always pondered why we think, act, and see the world as we do. Most information we have on the very foundations of psychology come from philosophers and physicists such as Plato, Aristotle, Descartes, and Gustav Fechner. Today I’ll be comparing two very different psychologists: John B. Watson andRead MoreCore Assumptions1565 Words   |  7 PagesWhat are the core assumptions and key features of the biological and psychoanalytic perspectives in psychology? In what ways are they similar and how do they differ? When comparing the biological and psychoanalytic approach to psychology, you are able to see that they are different from one another. For example, the biological approach assumes that the mind and behaviour originate from the functioning of the body and that behaviour is driven by biological instincts. Whereas the psychoanalytic approachRead MoreCore Assumptions1555 Words   |  7 PagesWhat are the core assumptions and key features of the biological and psychoanalytic perspectives in psychology? In what ways are they similar and how do they differ? When comparing the biological and psychoanalytic approach to psychology, you are able to see that they are different from one another. For example, the biological approach assumes that the mind and behaviour originate from the functioning of the body and that behaviour is driven by biological instincts. Whereas the psychoanalytic approachRead MoreThe Nature Of Love By Roger Hock1338 Words   |  6 Pagesto the bond between a mother and her child, yet before a study called â€Å"The nature of love† which is discussed in the book â€Å"Forty studies that changed psychology: Explorations into the history psychological research,† our society had a very different understand about what caused this bond (Hock, 2013). In the book the author Roger Hock explores many different influential studies but in the section called â€Å"Discovering Love,† he takes a closer look into this study and discusses its importance (Hock,Read MoreThe Child That Lives From Within1681 Words à ‚  |  7 Pagesand Writing Effectively AHSS 1210 21 November 2014 The Child that Lives from Within Introduction The social sciences often question if psychopathic behaviour is innate or a product of a social environment. Recently, nurture-based theories has gained credibility in understanding how a child’s upbringings can trigger psychopathic behaviour. In the movie Psycho by Alfred Hitchcock, Norman Bates’ downfall proposes how crucial a healthy childhood is to mental health rather than biological vulnerabilityRead MoreExamine and Assess the Advantages of Three Different Methods Used in Psychological Research1710 Words   |  7 Pagesthree different research methods to ascertain the advantages of using methods within psychology. First of all we will identify which methods we are going to examine then we will assess the advantages of using these methods through the eyes of the relevant psychologist against their individual studies but first let’s distinguish what is meant by the term research method. Methods are used within a psychological study to help determine the hypo theses of the psychologist, or can be used to help betterRead MoreAnalysis Of Helen Keller s The Miracle Worker 1598 Words   |  7 Pages The story of Helen Keller is a well-established paradigm in psychology, having inspired shifts in attitudes toward deafblind and their education. Her narrative is extremely well documented, having been explored in numerous works written by Keller herself (including her famous biography: The Story of My Life), as well as other psychologists and researchers. The story of the people surrounding Keller, however, is less pervasive in American culture. It is this narrative that William Gibson aims toRead MoreThe Child That Lives From Within1611 Words   |  7 Pages1210 21 November 2014 The Child that Lives from Within The social sciences often question if psychopathic behaviour is innate or a product of social environment. The answer seems difficult to discern because it is not split down into equal parts of nurture and nature, but rather rely on one another for a better understanding. In the movie Psycho by Alfred Hitchcock, Norman Bates’ downfall proposes how crucial a healthy childhood is to the mental state of developing child. Contrary to nature focusedRead MoreUnderstanding Piaget Theory And Information Processing Theory1208 Words   |  5 PagesThe study of Cognitive theories has many different aspects that have been debated many years ago. Developmental psychologists try to explain cognitive development approaches which describe the process of human s thought. One of the developmental psychologist who studied on the area of cognitive was Jean Piaget. Jean Piaget a Swiss psychologist was the first developmental researcher who has extensive research on cognitive development. In addit ion, the revolution of Jean Piaget’s cognitive theory

Poem Analysis free essay sample

Under Fire Everyone’s been through tough times. Whether someone close passes away , or a parent loses a job, or a separation of a family, misfortunes happen to all. After the assassination of Abraham Lincoln, Walt Whitman, a poet and Abraham Lincoln fan, wrote â€Å"O Captain, My Captain,† an elegy, to express his grief of his beloved president’s passing. â€Å"Maryland, My Maryland,† however, expresses the author’s distaste in Union troops marching through Maryland, his home. Both authors use imagery and allusion in their poems to express their differing tones. Randall and Whitman use imagery to transfer emotions that they feel to the reader. Randall uses descriptive words such as â€Å"beaming sword† (19), â€Å"beauteous limbs with steel† (15), and â€Å"shields bright and strong† (33) to convey a defiant tone in his poem. Each term describes weaponry to be used against Union forces, so the reader can conclude that Randall supports using violence to defend his â€Å"Maryland. We will write a custom essay sample on Poem Analysis or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page † Whitman describes his Captain as a â€Å"dear father† (13), indicating that the â€Å"Captain† of his poem was dear to him. Walt Whitman uses imagery to portray his captain’s death, using words such as: â€Å"cold and dead’ (8), â€Å"pale and still† (17), and â€Å"heart/†¦ bleeding drops of red† (6). Whitman selects these certain words to accentuate his realization of Lincoln’s death. He later describes himself as â€Å"mournful,† (22), indicating that he felt sorrowful in response to the passing of Abe Lincoln. While both authors use imagery, Randall paints a defiant picture in the reader’s mind, while Whitman expresses grief and sorrow. Allusion is used by both authors to describe the Civil War and Abraham Lincoln. Randall compares Lincoln to a â€Å"tyrant† (41) and also a â€Å"despot† (1), indicating that he dislikes Lincoln’s command to the Union army, stating to invade Baltimore. Randall expresses his distaste for Lincoln by describing him as a devil and a dictator. He is being defiant towards his former president, wishing that Lincoln would be defeated. His whole poem is about the Civil War, but he never writes those exact words. Instead, he describes it as a battle, using terms such as â€Å"meet her sisters on the plain† (44), and â€Å"panoplied array† (27). Glorifying battle, Randall  encourages Southern troops to attack with â€Å"Ringgold’s spirit for the fray† (29), and â€Å"Howard’s warlike thrust† (22). Whitman compares Abraham Lincoln to his â€Å"Captain† (1), showing that he is a follower of Lincoln. Walt Whitman uses the term â€Å"prize† (2) to depict the freeing of slaves in America. Whitman was from the North, so he was aiming for this certain â€Å"prize.† The Civil War is called the â€Å"ship† (19), since the Civil War was a voyage for the Americans. He also describes America as â€Å"a-crowding,† (11) since many Americans were joyful with the outcome of the war. Yet the â€Å"Captain† was â€Å"pale and still† (17) and unable to see the celebration. Whitman’s grief shows through these words, since he was pleased with the freeing of the slaves, but depressed that his captain was unable to be with him at a time of celebration. Both authors use allusion in their poems to describe the Civil War and Abraham Lincoln to further convey their tones. â€Å"O Captain! My Captain!† had a tone of depression, while â€Å"Maryland, My Maryland† was a defiant poem. Both authors used allusion to communicate their tones to the reader. Whitman and Randall used poetry to express their troubles.

The Giver Essays (420 words) - English-language Films, The Giver

The Giver The Giver NOT FINISHED OR REVISED OR SPELL CHECKED!! ROUGH COPY Your name is John, it was selected by a committee. You will never be attracted to a person or truly love some. You won't feel love or pain. You were one of fifty babies to be born in that year. Your family was chosen by a committee. Your profession was chosen by a committee; everything is chosen by a committee, everything is the same and it perfect order. Their is rules and guidelines for everything; you don't dare to break a rule.Their is no tolerance for failure or disappointment; you will be released. Welcome to life in the community; I hope you enjoy your stay. The Giver takes place in one of the communities where a boy named Jonas is living the same life as all the other kids before and the generations before. Nothing special has happend; he has recieved his bike, been admitted into the community service program as all the other Elevens. Until the Ceremony of Twelves where he will be assigned to his life-long occupation. Jonas is extremely nervous because he as no clue what he will be assigned; as other Elevens it is obvious what they will be assigned to. At the Ceremony Jonas is anxious to here what he will be assigned to, but he is skipped over. He his baffled why he was skipped over. Then when the all the Elevens where assigned; the Chief Elder called Jonas to the stage, and announced to everyone that Jonas has been selected not assigned to become The Receiver which is the most important role in the community and the rarest. Their's only one Receiver, and once you are the The Receiver you stay the giver years. All this the Chief Elder e xplained to Jonas and the audience. She all so explained that their last selection 10 years ago was a failure, and it was crucial that Jonas suceeds in his training. She mentioned he had all the qualities that are necessary Intelligence, Integrity, Courage, and the ability to see beyond. The Reciever holds all the past before the communities were created. He holds all the pleasure and pain before everything was changed to sameness. He must hold the past so the community doesn't experience it, and so the committee can call on the Receiver and ask for his advice. When the Ceremony of the Twelves ended every you would hear whispers, Jonas, Jonas. NOT FINISHED OR REVISED OR SPELL CHECKED!! ROUGH COPY Book Reports

Domestic Violence-Abusive Muslim Marriages essays

Domestic Violence-Abusive Muslim Marriages essays The past several decades have witnessed some profound changes in American society, with women and minorities making enormous inroads into the institutionalized racism and white male-domination that had characterized the country for generations. Indeed, it is reasonable to assert that women of all ages and races enjoy unprecedented opportunities and legal protections in the West in general and in the United States in particular today, but the sad reality is that these opportunities and legal protections still do not extend to all segments of American society. One of the major issues that continues to haunt the Islamic community in the United States is the abusive nature of many Muslim marriages, wherein females remain subjugated to their husbands whims by virtue of historic and religious mandates that have not been left behind in the Muslim world. Moreover, the growing body of evidence suggests that the problem is getting worse instead of better, and the secretive nature of the proble m itself contributes to the ability of law enforcement and social work authorities to take any substantive action to help alleviate these problems. To help shed some light on the underlying issues involved, this paper provides a review of the relevant peer-reviewed, scholarly and popular literature to determine the nature of abusive Muslim marriages in the United States, what social workers and feminist theory have to say about the issues, followed by a summary of the research and salient findings in the conclusion. Today, many Muslim wives living in the West continue to be imprisoned in abusive marriages, unable to fight the gossip and shame that comes with defying their culture and religion. Many brides arrive with temporary "marriage" visas obtained through husbands who are U.S. residents or citizens. Lawyers and social workers say an angry or demanding husband might threaten to "call immigration" and have the wife deported, raising the horrify...

Tips on How to Write an Argumentative Essay

Tips on How to Write an Argumentative Essay To be effective, an argumentative essay must contain elements to help persuade the audience to see things from your perspective. These components include a compelling topic, a balanced assessment, strong evidence, and persuasive language. Find a Good Topic and Point of View To find a good topic for an argumentative essay, consider several issues and choose a few that spark at least two solid, conflicting points of view. As you look over a list of topics, find one that really piques your interest, as youll be more successful if youre passionate about your topic. Once you have selected a topic you feel strongly about, make a list of points for both sides of the argument. When shaping an argument youll have to explain why your belief is reasonable and logical, so list points you can use as evidence for or against an issue. Ultimately, determine your side of the argument and make sure you can back up your point of view with reasoning and evidence. Work against the opposing point of view and prove why your stance is correct. Gather Evidence One of your essays first objectives will be to assess both sides of your issue. Consider strong arguments for both your side, as well as the other side- in order to shoot their statements down. Provide evidence without drama; sticking to the facts and clear examples that support your stance. You may look for research that provides statistics on your topic that support your reasoning, as well as examples of how your topic impacts people, animals, or even the Earth. Interviewing experts on your topic can also help you structure a compelling argument. Write the Essay Once youve given yourself a solid foundation of information, begin to craft your essay. An argument essay, as with all essays, should contain three parts: the introduction, the body, and the conclusion. The length of paragraphs in these parts will vary depending on the length of your essay assignment. As in any essay, the first paragraph of your argument essay should introduce the topic with a brief explanation of your topic, some background information, and a thesis statement. In this case, your thesis is a statement of your position on a specific controversial topic. Present Both Sides of the Controversy The body of your essay should contain the meat of your argument. Go into more detail about the two sides of your topic and state the strongest points of the counter-side of your issue. After describing the other side, present your own viewpoint and then provide evidence to show why your position is the correct one. Work to discredit the other side using some of the information you discovered in your research. Choose your strongest evidence and present your points one by one. Use a mix of evidence, from statistics to other studies and anecdotal stories. Conclusion A strong conclusion can help summarize your point of view and reinforce with your reader why your stance is the best option. You might consider reserving one overwhelmingly shocking statistic for the conclusion, one that leaves no room for doubt in your readers mind. At the very least, use this final paragraph or two as an opportunity to restate your position as the most sensible one. Final Tips When writing your essay, consider these tips to help craft the most rational and poignant argument for your readers. Avoid emotional language that can sound irrational. Know the difference between a logical conclusion and an emotional point of view. Dont fabricate evidence and dont use​ ​untrustworthy sources for evidence, and be sure to cite your sources.

The significance of British Board of Film Classification in British Essay

The significance of British Board of Film Classification in British Film Industry - Essay Example From a social perspective, such contents are considered as inappropriate to some segments of the prospective audience, especially children. Thus, it becomes necessary to classify movies into certain categories so that the audience can be guided as to which movie is suitable for viewing by a specific group of individuals. In this context, it is relevant that viewing of inappropriate content, especially scenes depicting graphic sex or violence, frightening images and coarse language etc can negatively impact children who are in the developmental stage. Young children as well as teenagers also have a tendency to try or imitate what they view on the movie or TV screens. Besides, they also lack the maturity and intellectual as well as psychological faculties to take informed decisions about what is proper or distinguish the real from what they view on the screen. Therefore, from a sociological perspective, it becomes the responsibility of not only the parents but also the society and gove rnments to ensure that art forms do not expose children and teenagers to inappropriate content. Thus, movie rating or classification has come into practice, with a view to â€Å"help parents to protect children and teenagers from inappropriate contents† (Rating the Movies 2010). ... Therefore, a general need was felt to implement a standard procedure for classifying the movies being produced in Britain, through a single regulatory authority. Thus, the film industry of Britain instituted the British Board of Film Classification (BBFC) in 1912, as an â€Å"independent, self financing not for profit media content regulator† (Mission Statement 2011), with a view to make them act as a trustworthy guide for the public in advising them about the suitability of the content for specific segments. This organisation has â€Å"exercised responsibilities over cinema† classification for about 100 years and for videos for about 27 years from 1985, pursuant to the Video Recording Act 1984, passed by the parliament (Student’s British Board of Film 2005, p. 1). According to their mission statement, they seek to function as a labelling service provider, for media content, whose main objectives are as under: - a) Prevent the public especially children, from exp osure to â€Å"content which might raise harm risks† (Mission Statement 2011). b) Help the public in general, and parents in particular to â€Å"make informed viewing choices† (Mission Statement 2011). c) To ensure that â€Å"adult freedom of choice† (Mission Statement 2011) is honoured while adhering to relevant laws on the subject. d) Take into the consideration the changes occurring in â€Å"social attitudes towards media content and respond to them through consultation with the public as well as appropriate research† (Mission Statement 2011). e) Working within statutory constraints to facilitate a â€Å"cost effective, efficient classification service† (Mission Statement 2011). f) Maintain a close rapport with the film

Discrete Mathematics(Mathematical Algorithms) Research Paper

Discrete Mathematics(Mathematical Algorithms) - Research Paper Example The comprehensive study of how discrete objects come together through one another and the likelihoods of a diversity of outcomes is acknowledged as combinatory. Further areas of mathematics which are known to be component of discrete mathematics comprise graph theory as well as the theory of computation. In addition, subjects that are related to number theory like that resemblances and recurrence relations are as well renowned as a division of discrete mathematics (Wolfram Research, Inc. , 2010). This paper presents a detailed analysis of the existing one of most famous paradigms of discrete mathematics which is known as â€Å"Mathematical Algorithms†. Mathematical Algorithms are presently one of the hot areas in discrete mathematics because of their extensive and effective use in the field of computer and information technology. This paper will provide comprehensive analysis of main features and areas of â€Å"Mathematical Algorithms†. The comprehensive study and areas of interest in discrete mathematics generally comprise the analysis and systematic study of algorithms, their efficiencies and implementations in various fields of life. Discrete mathematics is also acknowledged as the language of mathematics used in conjunction with computer science, as well as its significance has increased noticeably in recent few decades (John & Weisstein, 2010). In a broad sense, an algorithm can be thought as instruction (or a set of commands or course of actions) according to that a specific procedure has to take place. We can say that a computer program is an illustration or an accomplishment of an algorithm. This command/instruction has to be organized in such an accurate manner so that it is proficient to be executed by an operator that is capable to comprehend as well as efficiently run the algorithms commands. Several cases of consideration of algorithms are the strategies planned for summing up and finding difference be tween two or more

The poems The Sick Rose, Ballad, To His Coy Mistress and A Woman to her Lover Essay Example for Free

The poems The Sick Rose, Ballad, To His Coy Mistress and A Woman to her Lover Essay The poems chosen all explore a different aspect of love through the use of poetic features, language and range of perspectives. Whilst Ballad was a female perspective, showing her physical relationship with a very devious man, To his Coy Mistress is from a male perspective, as he attempts, through a seductive yet rational argument, to win over his coy lady. A Woman to her Lover is also from a female perspective about a woman who demands equality. On the other hand, The Sick Rose shows an assault and destruction, telling of a secret love between man and women, possibly through rape or sexually transmitted diseases. Out of all the poems I read, the aspects of physical and spiritual relationships interest me the most because they provide diverse views towards love. Ballad which is a traditional song, of oral tradition, presents male courtship through the use of language, seasonal metaphors and through the story it tells. It is made up of quatrains, rhyming couplets and a refrain, the range of words which rhyme together emphasise the emotions and tone of the poem. Ballad is about a deceitful philanderer, who seeks a beautiful maid. The man gets the lady pregnant and, throughout the last few, we see how she wants to kill herself and the baby. The maid is the speaker of the story, which gives a female perspective, of the story and an insight into the consequences of courtship for the victim. The opening of the poem begins with the line A faithless shepherd courted me. The word faithless immediately tells us that the man is not committed. Furthermore it says, he stole away my liberty, the use of euphemism creating the impression that the man has stole her virginity and freedom. We later see that the liberty is her virginity and decorum. Therefore, this leaves the maid with no freedom, because in past times it was thought that a single mother was greatly detested and unlawful children were not respected. In addition the ending of stanza one reads: When my poor heart was strange to men, he came and smiled and stole it then. This illustrates a very naà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ve maiden, who seems very innocent. A calculated effect is gathered as he sees what shes like, and then he takes advantage of her. The repetition of the word and creates a very step by step calculation. In the second quatrain, the maid uses seasonal metaphors to show their happiness together; however, the second two lines of the quatrain, illustrates the shame of her pregnancy : When my apron would hang low, me he sought through frost and snow. : When it puckered up with shame, and I sought him, he never came. The opening line creates a picture that the maid is fine and slim, would hang low. The second line captures how he would only look after her when there was no responsibility. The use of a seasonal metaphor frost and snow shows the relationship between winter and sorrow. The third line gives the impression that she is pregnant; however, when she seeks him, hes not there. The maids pregnancy scare is euphemised by her apron puckering up. It also shows love can be shameful but also bring happiness. Stanza three brings back happiness as it says, When summer brought no fears to fright. She becomes joyful; again as she finds that her pregnancy was a scare and that she has no baby. The use of a seasonal metaphor clearly shows the relationship between joyfulness and the summer. It goes on to say how the man came to guard me every night. However, there is a major contrast when it says When winter nights did darkly prove, none came to guard me or to love. This shows how when shes pregnant, the man was not there. This gives the impression that he has run away. Referring back to the previous seasonal metaphor about summer, the winter is now associated with sorrow as the man has gone. The maid has been left alone in the cold, whilst pregnant. The seasonal imagery makes us feel more sorry for her. The beginning of the fourth quatrain, shows how the maid is feeling very regretful, I wish, I wish, but all in vain, I wish I was a maid again. The use of repetition shows a very apologetic maid who has lost her virginity and can never get it back. The end line of the stanza highlights that she wants to kill herself: O when will green grass cover me, this indicates that she wants to be buried under the green grass as she feels mortified. The following stanza reinforces her thoughts in stanza four, that she wants to die: I wish my sorrows all away my Soul with god, my body clay. This emphasises that she is very sad, and she wants to die, my body clay. We clearly see the promises the man made to the maid: He promised beds as fine as silk, and sheets for love as white as milk He promised her the world; however, he leaves her to want a bed of clay. This shows how she is left wanting a death bed, in contrast to the fine silk beds. The following stanza shows how the man is very uncaring towards her: He kept this sheep on yonder hill. His heart seemed soft but it was steel. this shows how he is weak soft on the inside; however, the use of antithesis, highlights how he promised a lot on the outside steel and also shows that he is very heartless. The maid highlights her regret about the relationship, O had I walked ere I did run. She implies that she should have walked slowly into the relationship, instead of rushing. Towards the end of the story, the poignant mood is reinforced: He has two hearts and I have none The contrast of having two hearts and none, illustrate how the man has taken her heart away from her. Furthermore, poignancy is shown through the use of diction, of sorrows in the time to come and Weeping on a strangers knee. The word, strangers knee implies that the father wont be there to care for them and the baby will be bought up by a stranger. The tenth stanza includes half-rhyme, brass-face, which emphasises the sorrow the lady is experiencing. The metaphor emphasises how she is feeling: My heart would break- but it is brass At the beginning of the poem the mans heart was steel; however, the maid now explains that the man has gone and she has hardened up inside, it is brass, and this implies that she is ready to kill herself as she is strong enough to do so. Furthermore, she says to see thee smile at words that be, the messengers of grief to me, which concludes that she decides to kill herself and the baby. In the final stanza there is a major contrast to the beginning as she says: Ive made thy pillow on a thorn Compared to the middle of the poem where it says Beds fine as silk, she know goes on to show how she is lying her head on thorns. The final two sentences illustrate that she is going to kill both her and her baby as the word our is repeated three times, possibly to reinforce her mind that both of them are going to die. Overall, the poem is a very universal one; to me the poem is about a betrayal in love. Though the poem includes physical relationship, the lady is disowned during her pregnancy and the results in a fatal ending of death. In contrast, To his Coy Mistress is about a speaker who attempts, through a seductive yet logical argument, to win over his coy lady. Whilst both poems To his Coy Mistress and Ballad highlight the underlying themes of love, time and death, in Ballad this is achieved through a series of seasonal metaphors, range of language and diction, whereas in To his Coy Mistress the use of rhyming couplets and a syllogistic argument help construct an argument for sex. At the start of the poem, the man tells the lady not to be shy: This coyness, lady, were no crime This shows how the man is trying to explain to the lady that, if they had more time in the world, it would be acceptable to be shy. He goes on to say that he imagines that they are separated by two rivers: Thou by the Indian Ganges side shouldst rubies find; I by the tide of Humber would complain.___________________________ The man goes on to express his feeling of having more eternity: My vegetable love should grow Vaster than empires and more slow. The use of erectile images clearly gives the picture that he has a growing love for the lady, and she is a natural vegetable waiting to be picked. On the other hand, this could also mean he is waiting to have sexual intercourse, as the lady has yet not picked his genitals, yet they are growing with love. The man also uses a persuasive technique to persuade the woman: Two hundred to adore each breast, the used of hyperbole two hundred, makes the lady feel even more beautiful and more confident of herself. Furthermore, he goes on to say how he has another side to him: And the last age should show your heart This word heart suggests that the man is convincing the lady that he is very romantic and not just sexual. In the second stanza, the man uses language which implies that they are getting older each day. The opening line of the second stanza reads But at my back I always hear, this shows it could be a possible turning point. Moreover, the man says Deserts of vast eternity, showing the lady that without her, his life is barren and desolate. Further on in the stanza, he explains how she will lose her virginity to worms: My echoing song; then worms shall try That long preservd virginity The word worms illustrates shocking imagery, and the two lines mock idealised romantic poetry. The third stanza, explains how the man trys to tell the lady to have sex now, whilst they still have time. The opening explains his feelings: Now therefore while the youthful hue The word youthful shows that they should have sex whilst they are young. The fourth line of the stanza shows that she is ready to have sex, At every pore with instant fires. The man further goes on to say that he and the lady should take advantage of the moment: Now let us sport while we may The word sport is used instead of sex, to show that sex can be fun and you dont have to be shy about it. He also uses a simile to show how they are loving birds, And now, like amorous birds of prey, amorous birds are associated as long; therefore, he compares him and the lady to loving birds. He continues to talk about time, Rather at once our time devour, he explains how they should make good use of the time. Towards the end of the poem he uses very passionate and energetic words: And tear our pleasure with rough strife Thorough the iron gates of life The words rough strife explain how joyful he is, and the words iron gates of life, show how passionate he is. The final two lines of the poem, show that the man wants to enjoy the time with the lady whilst they can: Thus, though we cannot make our sun Stand still, yet we will make him run The suttle pun suggests that they could have a baby. The word sun could possibly have two meanings of having a son or just that it is near the end of their life. Furthermore, the word run could mean that they will make their sun run. The rhyming couplets in the poem create a very upbeat and jaunty tone. We know that the man has constructed a very logical argument, because he uses words such as We could spend decades or even centuries in courtship if time stood still and we remained young., in addition, But time passes swiftly and relentlessly, Therefore, we must enjoy the pleasure of each other now, without further ado. We also know when the conclusion of the poem is because he uses words such as Now therefore, And now, and thus.

Michael Porter’s Five Forces Essay -- Business Strategy Analysis

Porter’s 5-Force Analysis Michael Porter’s 5-forces can be used to analyze an industry and help shape and create a â€Å"competitive strategy† (Porter, 6). Understanding each of the five forces and how they interact with one another provides a clear picture of the degree of competition being faced within an industry, and therefore its relative attractiveness. The understanding cannot provide an advantage; it is what you do with the understanding. Without the understanding, a strategy can be at risk of being unrealistic. Michael Porter’s 5-force Analysis is a tool for the structural analysis of industries. There are 5 forces that always shape the competitive structure of an industry: Supplier Power, Barriers to Entry, The Threat of Substitutes, Buyer Power, and Industry Rivalry. I. SUPPLIER POWER Supplier power is the ability of a supplier to control the cost and supply of the inputs in the market. The supplier power of an industry can be altered in many ways: 1) Differentiation of Inputs – If a company needs various inputs from different suppliers, then those suppliers have a high power. 2) Switching Costs for Transferring to Other Suppliers - Supplier power is high if the cost to switch over to a new system is high. 3) Availability of Substitutes – If the raw material that’s needed for manufacturing can be replaced with alternatives, the supplier power is low. 4) Supplier Concentration – The fewer suppliers there are, the higher the supplier power. 5) Suppliers’ Dependence on Volume – If suppliers are dependent on supply volume, then the supplier power is low. 6) Cost Relative to Total Purchases in the Industry – If a company thinks that they are being overcharged, they may switch to another supplier. 7) Impac... ...dia.net (30 January 2003) Legamedia.net is mainly a foreign website written in Dutch about Porter’s Analysis. 6. http://panko.com (30 January 2003) This website is a Ray R. Panko’s personal business website. Ray Panko is a Professor at the University of Hawaii and has written a number useful sources about information systems and communications. 7. http://www.quickmba.com (29 January 2003) This website includes a detailed summary of Porter’s Analysis. Information used from this site includes a diagram of Porter’s Five Forces. 8. http://www.themanager.org (31 January 2003) This website offers a description of various management tools including Porter’s Five Force Analysis. 9. Porter, Michael E. Competitive Strategy. New York, New York: The Free Press, 1980. This book written by Michael Porter is unaltered information about his theory.

Data Analysis for Research Essay

Scenario 1: Customer Perceptions of the Toyota Brand WKB Toyota in Chichester want to investigate customer attitudes towards the Toyota brand, to see if the press coverage regarding mechanical failures during 2009-2010 have had any long-term impacts on customer loyalty and potential sales to new customers. In the first instance, WKB can offer access to their own marketing database. Scenario 2: Market Segmentation for Visit Chichester Visit Chichester is in the process of realigning its marketing strategy to key customer groups in order to more effectively promote the visitor economy in the Chichester District. As part of the process they wish to conduct research to investigate current attitudes towards the Visit Chichester website. They wish to seek views from across a range of profiles including families with children, couples, and the retired market. The results will be used to determine the structure and content of the new Visit Chichester website. Scenario 3: NatWest Banking Charter Following its widespread publicity campaign, which included TV adverts and street billboards, and as part of its commitment to customer service, NatWest wish to undertake research to establish the impact of its Customer Charter. More specifically, they want to ascertain whether it has lead to a discernible improvement in customers’ perception of the bank’s service quality. They also wish to undertake an internal audit to assess whether staff have noticed an impact of the Charter. Scenario 4: The Green Economy The West Sussex Sustainable Business Partnership has commissioned the University of Chichester undertake research assessing the level of sustainable business practice by businesses across a range of sectors in West Sussex. Specifically the WSSBP would like to establish the extent to which businesses are adopting green measures in key areas such as operations management, purchasing, and energy management. They also want to establish business awareness of available support for going green, and general business attitudes to the green agenda. The results will help WSSBP help businesses prepare for the green economy being championed by the coalition Government. Scenario 5: HMV Music In the light of poor trading figures, and the imminent closure of 60 of its UK branches, HMV want to undertake research to ascertain the factors that are causing poor sales and determine which product lines should be continued and which ones should be discarded. They are also interested in how they can improve their online sales performance as part of a realignment of their retail strategy. Scenario 6: Tourism Industry Response to Recession and Recovery The Sussex Tourism Partnership have commissioned the University to undertake research into the impact of recession on the tourism industry in Sussex, and the strategic response adopted by tourism businesses, including accommodation providers and attractions. They wish to establish the degree to which different sectors have felt the impact of recession, either positively or negatively, and identify the key measures these businesses have taken to remain competitive in the current downturn. Scenario 7: Evaluation of Goodwood Motor Racing Events The Goodwood Road Racing Company (GRRC) has commissioned the University of Chichester to undertake research investigating visitor perceptions of the overall quality of the visitor experience at the Goodwood Festival of Speed and Revival. They also want to assess visitors’ views about potential new events, products and services that could be developed at Goodwood that would increase revenue without significantly increase the negative impacts currently generated by the Festival of Speed and Revival events. Scenario 8: Green policies at Sainsbury PLC The aim of the research is to establish whether there are any economic benefits from adopting green business policies at Sainsbury supermarkets. The supermarket’s Operations Manager wants to identify ways in which the economic impacts of Sainsbury’s adoption of green business polices can be measured. In particular, she is interested in the identification of costs and benefits associated with implementing green business policies at Sainsbury, and to identify the economic incentives and disincentives which Sainsbury has from its stakeholders such as customers, suppliers and government to adopt green business policies.

Why I Choose to Be a Sociology Major

In comparison to previous topics I’ve studied, sociology better suits what it is I want to do with my life. It has taken me a while to figure what my niche is since I’ve been in college. Before declaring sociology as a major, I was a business major. I have always had a strong interest in business, but as I progressed with the program, it became evident to me that I have no interest in working in corporate America. I realized that I would much rather become and entrepreneur and discover new ways to help people. After eading up on sociology, I saw that sociology offers you knowledge that translates across the board, whereas business is more one-dimensional. Math has always been a weakness of mine, and luckily, sociology only requires one class. Although that shouldn’t be a major selling point, it definitely was for me! While I’m aware that sociology is by no means easy, it is certainly a relief to know that I will no longer be tested on information that I feel is totally useless to me. I struggled in the majority of my math related classes while I was a business major, and that was quite epressing for me. After much debate, I decided that I would probably be best if I opted for a career course that did not include anti-derivatives and the Pythagorean theorem! People skills are integral part of any organization, and sociology provides you with the information to perfect them. By studying how people work and interact, I will be more effective in whatever career path I choose to take. Sociology will enhance whatever knowledge and experience I have concerning people skills because I will be more aware of how to reach people on a more personable level.

French Media and Communication Vocabulary

French Media and Communication Vocabulary Media is all around us and frequently comes up in both casual and professional conversation. Learning French vocabulary for communication and media will help you share ideas in French and understand other French speakers. News les actualità ©s: newslactualità ©: current affairsles mà ©dias: the media TV and Radio le cà ¢ble: cable TVla chaà ®ne: channella chaà ®ne publique: public service stationun(e) envoyà ©(e) spà ©cial(e): special reporterune à ©mission: programle journal: news bulletinle lecteur de DVD: DVD playerle magnà ©tophone: tape recorderle magnà ©toscope: VCRla publicità ©: advertisementla radio: radiole reporter: reporterla retransmission: broadcastla tà ©là ©: TVla tà ©là ©vision: television Print Media le journal: newspaperle/la journaliste: reporterle kiosque: newsstandle magazine: magazinela petite annonce: classified adla revue: scholarly or informational publication, journal Computer le courriel, email, mà ©l:  emaille fournisseur daccà ¨s Internet: ISP (internet service provider)lInternet: internetle Minitel: public access information system created by France Tà ©là ©comle navigateur: (internet) browserun ordinateur: computer Letter Writing une adresse: addressla boà ®te aux lettres: mailboxla carte postale: postcardle courrier: (snail) maille destinataire: recipient, To:une enveloppe: envelopelexpà ©diteur: sender, From:la lettre: letterle paquet, le colis: packagela poste: post officele timbre: stamp On the Phone While there are specialized vocabulary words related to using the phone, there are also a number of useful phrases that are commonly used when talking on the phone. la cabine tà ©là ©phonique: telephone boothle fax: fax (machine)la messagerie vocale: voice maille mobile: cell phonela pià ¨ce (de monnaie): coinle rà ©pondeur: answering machinela tà ©là ©carte: phonecardle tà ©là ©phone: telephone Communication Verbs appeler: to calldire: to sayà ©couter la radio: to listen to the radioà ©crire: to writeenvoyer (par la poste): to mail, sendenvoyer par email: to emailenvoyer par fax, faxer: to faxlire: to readtà ©là ©phoner : to call

Definition and Example of a Markov Transition Matrix

Definition and Example of a Markov Transition Matrix A Markov transition matrix is a square matrix describing the probabilities of moving from one state to another in a dynamic system. In each row are the probabilities of moving from the state represented by that row, to the other states. Thus the rows of a Markov transition matrix each add to one. Sometimes such a matrix is denoted something like Q(x | x) which can be understood this way: that Q is a matrix, x is the existing state, x is a possible future state, and for any x and x in the model, the probability of going to x given that the existing state is x, are in Q. Terms Related to Markov Transition Matrix Markov ProcessMarkov StrategyMarkovs Inequality Resources on Markov Transition Matrix What is Econometrics?How to Do a Painless Econometrics ProjectEconometrics Term Paper Suggestions Writing a Term Paper or High School / College Essay? Here are a few starting points for research on Markov Transition Matrix: Journal Articles on Markov Transition Matrix Estimating the Second Largest Eigenvalue of a Markov Transition MatrixEstimating a Markov Transition Matrix from Observational DataConvergence across Chinese provinces: An analysis using Markov transition matrix

Who will be the major political actors in international relations in Essay

Who will be the major political actors in international relations in the post-cold war era Furthermore, what do you think are the major issues in this new world - Essay Example One of the major political player in the post-cold war era is Europe, a continent that was turned into an object during the cold war due to the dominance that Russia and the infiltration that the United States. The post-cold war era has however ushered a new Europe, which has ended its object status and today considered as a major actor in international relations. The role of Britain and other European friendly states in helping the United States to strengthen its domination over the Soviet Union has been replaced by s block that charts its own course. With the formation of the European Union and the development of a single currency, Europe has stamped its authority in international relations, often differing with its cold war era partner, the United States. China has also emerged as one major super power due to its industrial and manufacturing strengths. Economic focus in the world has shifted from the United States as many countries today courting china to benefit from its great economy, available resources and technological advancements. As the new centre of attraction away from the United States, the strength of china can today be compared with the former soviet as it struggles to rival the United States and de-Americanize the world. Exports from china have increased tremendously with companies and multinationals from the country serving different contracts across the world compared to the former world powers (Luundestad 216). Apart from the emergence of new political centres in the world’s political landscape, issues of concern have also changed from arm building and wars to economic competition. Economic growth and the development of strong economic blocs like the European Union and the BRICS block has changed the political landscape in the world and resulted into a new political discourse. This explains the unease that the United States has developed over the current dominance that china is gaining especially in countries that formally

Supply Chain Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Supply Chain Management - Essay Example Study the networked supply chain concept as implemented by Cisco. What are its strength and weaknesses? The California based network giant, Cisco Systems, Inc was founded in the 1984 by the scientist of Stanford University. The founder Len Bosack and Sandy Lerne along with Richard Troiano designed an operating system for routing data from one computer to another through the operating system called IOS (Internet Operating System) (Cisco-a). This successful venture of Cisco in the world of network made Cisco the giant for the next two decades. Headquartered at San Jose, California the company started operating through a customer support site in the year 1985. Then the company implemented the online service strategy through which the customers are able to download softwares and can update them instantly by downloading the updates from the site. With a massive increase in the number of calls in the support centre from 3000 calls in the year 1991 to 12,000 calls in the year 1992, the comp any successfully implemented their strategy and increased sale to great extent and dealt with large amount of transaction through customer support on its website. In the following year in 1993 Cisco implemented a new strategy to reach out to the global market and grabs the multinational customers through its new Internet based system for the customers. This Internet based support gave clients of Cisco the ability to post their queries in the portal which is directly reviewed by the company. With the success from the Customers Support Site the company launched Cisco Information Online service in the year 1994 for their customer. The customers are now able to view the products available from Cisco and also they can avail the technical support service and customer support from the online portal. In 1995 the company also added their products and services in the site to sell to their customers through application provided in the site which helped the customers to directly buy products or services from their website. The main concept behind this was to eliminating the ideas of paper work, fax, CD-ROM and various other materials for training directly to the web which can be accessed by the clients at any point of time from any parts of the world. This gave the company the opportunity to reduce cost from its employees, trade partners and reduce time for transaction and also increases the market reach at the same time. Farther in the year 1996 Cisco implemented the Networked Strategy for a more interactive approach towards the clients’ relationships. They implemented a new supply chain network which consists of Cisco employees, trade partners, manufacturers, suppliers, and distributors. The orders from the clients are stored in the databases which are accessible by all the members of the company and it is directly connected to the Enterprise Resource Planning system of the company for an easy handling of the stocks and the fast transaction for the customers. For an easy and on-time delivery system the company involved the third party logistics recourses into the system. The logistic providers access the order in the database via internet and can view the status of the order processing information. This direct fulfillment system increased the revenue of the company to a great extent and the company is able to save around $12 million annually with this new strategy implementation. For a more efficient testing process the company

Information Technology and the NHS Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Information Technology and the NHS - Case Study Example The bridging of these two domains has created new challenges in this field. Due of competitive pressures, Internet and intranet business sites are often given high priority, with senior management imposing unrealistic deadlines. Completion time may be based on nothing more formal than wishful thinking, yet, because the site deployment is integrated with many other aspects of business operations, schedule slips can have dire financial consequences. Before we explore how to plan in Internet time, however, let's review the basics of heuristic and parametric estimating. It is a well-known fact that effective project estimation is one of the major challenges in software development. Many software developers and managers acknowledge the fact that proper planning is not possible without proper estimation of the project. Under estimating a project leads to under-staffing it which in turn leads to under-scooping the quality assurance effort and in turn setting too short a schedule ultimate resulting in missing of deadlines. The software industry, as a whole has found to be not estimating projects really well. A software estimation model defines characteristics whose values it needs and the ways these values are used to compute the effort. An estimation model cannot work in vacuum- it needs inputs to need the values of the output. At the start of the project, when the details of the estimates are itself not known, the estimation model will require the values of the characteristics that can be measured at any stage. Top down estimation approach Expert judgment is still the dominant technique in practice today for estimation of software project size and effort. The function points can be counted using the standard function point counting rules. In addition to the size estimate the top-down approach requires the estimation of productivity and the efficiency. The basic approach is to start with the productivity levels of standard projects or use the productivity statistics. The productivity estimate is then used to calculate the overall effort estimate. To sum it up, the top-down estimation requires Get the estimate of the total size of the software in terms of the function points. Using the productivity level from the project baseline, fix the productivity levels for the project. Obtain the overall effort estimates from the size and the time estimates. Refine the estimates taking the project specific factors into consideration. The size of the project is required to be known in order to determine the effort estimate of the project. But the size of the project cannot be known at the time when the project is being conceived and the project is in the initial phases. Hence, there must be some initial size estimate depending on the resources at hand at that moment in order to realize the effort estimate. A common approach is to use a simple equation for the effort estima

Ryanair Strategic Management and Business Planning Case Study

Ryanair Strategic Management and Business Planning Case Study Introduction: Following report is based on the SWOT and PESTEL analysis of the Ryanair. This report will describe about the strengths, weakness, opportunities and threats of the ryanair. We will also examine about the external environmental effect by using the political, Economical, social, technological, environmental and legal analysis. There is briefly history of the ryanair which explain the investments and starting problems and till now, about the condition of internally and externally environment of the ryanair. Firstly discuss about the external environmental impact on the Ryanair and related to the strategy of the Ryanair. Basic objective and aim is to provide low cost fare services and increase profitability and to be a leader of market. By using the technique of PESTAL analysis can forecast the environmental change. For the examiner of environmental change have used different approaches like Bowmens strategy clock, Anoffs matrix, Michaels porters strategy. In addition, for determinant explain the porters five force model which have help out in the analysis of the competitive advantage ,new entrants, threats of substitutes. SWOT analysis is the best way to examine the internally condition of the Ryanair. It has explained about the powerful element and weak elements and also given the information about the new opportunities that Ryanair can get. Strategy Management: Strategy is the way and scope of an organization which achieve their goals in changing environments through its configuration of resources and competence with the aim of fulfilling stakeholder desires over the long term periods. There are following points which explain the term strategy: Strategy is concerned with the long term planning of any organization. Strategy is concerned with scope of any organizational activities. Purpose of strategy is to achieve some advantages for the organization over competition. Strategy is also affected by the values and expectation of those who have power in and around the organization, not only environmental forces and strategic forces. Main purpose of strategy is to achieve its aims and goal of organization. History of Ryanair: Ryanair is one of the most aircraft in the world including 44 bases and the 1100+ low fares more than 26 countries connecting with 175 countries. Ryanair has been launched by Ryan family in 1985 with the share capita  £1 and 25 staff members. In 1986 ryanair has taken permission from British airways and Aer linguis. Services are launched 1st turbo 46 seats aircraft from Dublin to London in May. After three year rapid growth , in 1990 ryanair faced  £20m accumulated losses and Ryan family has invested more  £20m and as copying the southwest airlines it was relaunched again and made new strategies under the new managerial systems and reduces their fares from  £99 to  £59 return tickets. In 1991 ryanair has changes its bases from Lutin to new airport of London Stansted which had new terminal and direct link of rail services. With the passage of time, ryanair has seen many changes every year. In 1995, Ryanair had untaken the British airways and Aer linguis. And also celebrated its 10th birthday with the great celebration. It becomes biggest air route in the Europe and internationally and also lowest fare rate airline domestically. Ryanair growth increased rapidly and employees receives shares of Ryanair and Ryanair received new Boeing aircrafts. In 2000, Ryanair has launched its website for the benefit of customers like booking, accommodation, train facilities and many more allowances as well. Furthermore, Ryanair has employed new employees and has developed career. Ryanair also promoted staff in 2007 and 2008. External Environment: Ryanair is largest low cots airline in the Europe. Ryanair is the largest investing and achieved its growth in friendly environment. Ryanair strategy is trying to improve its performance more. Ryanair has replaced its old Boeing aircraft to the new developed technology aircrafts. Ryanair also reduces the use of fuel and minimise the ratio of CO2 per passenger. Strategy of Ryanair is low cost fare and more profitability. Ryanair also use the point to point journey planner and tried to not landing during the way. It also tried to reduce the time. Ryanair also reduced to affection and disturbance by the noise or aircraft. It used new technology for less noise like new winglets and its help out in reduction of noise. Ryanair is the very low cost which is not offered to passenger for free food, drinks and many things. It safe thing not waste it. Ryanair has increased in tourism, employment level, and infrastructure. Theses external element has great impact on the strategy of the ryanair. Ryanair has basic objective low fares and high profit and giving good customer service to the passengers. With the [passage of time strategy of ryanair is developed and many changes incurred in it. Ryanair strategy is reducing the costs which include personnel, equipment cost, airport access rather than its competitors. Moreover, Ryan air with the high productive source is trying to improve its productivity which helps in reducing the labour cost. Ryanair strategy: After examine the SWOT analysis and Ryanair capabilities now we can easily describe about the strategy of Ryanair. Ryanair has cost minimization strategy through this it want to be leader of market and want to gain competitive advantage. Ryanair strategy is trying to focus on the aviation industry, new fleets, and airport charges route services and managing marketing cost etc. Basic aim and objective of ryanair is to increase low fares services and by doing continues progress want to be European low cost scheduled airline. Moreover, Ryanair providing low cost fares for those people who have travelled by other means of transportation and also those people did not ever travel at all. According to the statistical data Ryanair has maintained the recode of punctuality. Ryanair do point to point and non-stop routes which has reduced the cost of services. It also increase the productivity level by using work force which has help out in minimising labour cost. Ryanair also offers Bonuses, compensation, commission on the basis of hours for the encouragement of staff and personnel and crew member and pilot. Ryanair has new reservation system developed internet facility. Ryanair does not compensate with its safety rules, staff training and quality insurance and do not extend its low cost strategy in theses area. For the repairing of the crafts it has contract with the third party according to the European airlines otherwise repairing and maintenance work done by itself in London. Except all of these things ryanai r take care about the customer service, providing food, beverage, travel insurance, car rental and accommodation and it also provide telephonic reservation and different facilities. PESTEL Analysis of Ryanair: Political: In political analysis of ryanair include the internal and external stability of political condition in Europe countries like Middle East. Ryanair has to follow New EU rules and regulation, expansion and duty free sales of products. Government has help to the ryanair to take it internationally. Government also provided full security system to the ryanair. Economical: Outside and inside economy is different in the Europe. Inside economy is stable while outside economy is non stable. Price of fuel is increasing day by day and depreciation of US dollar also increasing. There are some regional subsidies also preferable in the ryanair analysis. Ryan air also created linkage of between new highly speed trains and airport. Social: In social analysis of ryanair, there is increase in grey marketing and also lifestyle of travelling is changing day by day. There is also change in consumers demographics. Demand and preferences of consumers also changed and fluctuated with the passage of time. Technological: Ryanair bought new fleets and advanced technology aircrafts for the consumers satisfaction. It also introduced new software programmes for the improvement in supply chain systems. Ryanair also increase information technology, gambling and competition in the market as well. Ryanair also used satellite television and also try to reduce fuel consumption. Environmental: Ryanair has reduced noise pollution. It has used new technological system to reduce the noise. It also saves the environment from dangerous gases like greenhouse CO2 emission. Legal: Ryanair has followed the legal laws. It has removed the illegal subsidies from airport. Ryanair also claim illegal advertising on the airport. Forecasting Environmental change: Michaels porter generic strategy: Porters generic strategy explains about the cost advantage and differentiation focus. This technique is suitable for those companies who based on cost leadership and differentiation and focus. By using the cost leadership strategy ryanair got the competitive advantage and market leadership. Ryanair has earned very high profit in very short time period by using the low fares. Leadership strategy has given help to the customer for decision making. It has offered to the customer low fares and secondary to secondary flies by using the differentiation. Ryanair has purchases aircrafts not whole fleets but has given best customer service. Ansoffs matrix: Igor Ansoff focuses on the companys present and potential product /services and market situation. There are four possible combinations of growth that is existing product with new product, existing market with new market, market development and product development and diversification. Ryanair has attracted the market towards itself by using the pattern of low cost and reasonable fares. Ryanair has diversified its staff according to the different location and destination. Ryanair is trying to expand its business and developing the staff which will take it towards success. Bowmans strategy clock: Bowmans strategy clock explains competitive position of a company with comparison of competitors. We can analyse the problem and difficulties of Ryanair through this approach from last few years. There are eight different options which can describe the competitive position. These are as follows: low price, low added value, differentiated, hybrid and focus differentiated, increase standard or price, increased price and low value or standard price. From last few years ryanair has performed very affective changes due to its effective managerial system. Ryanair has earned very high profit in very short time by following the affective time schedule giving significant value on the development of Ryanair. National advantage by using techniques of Ryanair: There are different techniques through we can analyse the national advantage of ryanair. Porters five force model: By using the porters five force model, we came to know about the value and importance of the ryanair in Europe market. It includes threat of new entrant, threat of substitute, competitive rivalry, bargaining power of supplier hand customer. Threat of new entrant mean need high profit for coming in the market level and offer customers low fares. Its difficult high investment. It also need flight authorisation. Ryanair has threat of its substitute like ferries, Euro line, cars and rail services and many other substitutes as well. It has also threat from its customers it doesnt have loyalty brand, no switching of the prices, no close relationship with the customer. Air bus and Boeing are the two main supplier of the ryanair and the switch cost from one supplier to another is high because if they do this they need to retained their staff again. Ryanair has more competitive power rather than small airlines because they operate regional level in small airports but ryanair operates on bog airports. Ryanair has threat of its customers, if the prices are sensitive than customer can easily move to other airlines through online advertisement, booking and by offering good customer service so we cannot depend on the customers. Moreover, Price of the ryanair is the main competitive element to others. There is not much differentiation low cost prices to other airlines. As LCC is the high competitive market there are chances to do the same thing. In market there are many competitors they can competition with the prices and profits but in existing situation competitors cannot compete with dead to dead competition by choosing different service routes. SWOT Analysis of Ryanair: Swot Analysis describes the internal situation of the organisation. The main purpose of the SWOT analysis is to know about the strength, weakness, threats and opportunities of the organisation. It is also helpful to bring changes in the strategy of the organisation and came to know about the current the situation and where organisation standing and where it should have to be. Strengths: Ryanair has strong brand image and due to its strong brand image it has reduced the barrier of entry to new airports and has increased the barriers for new entrant. Ryanair is firstly low fares cost airline in the Europe and still maintained its image. London Stansted is the one of busiest aviation traffic zones where are bases of ryanair operationalsing. Ryanair is the innovative and has aggressive marketing quality. Ryanair has enhanced safety, higher fuel efficiency and properly income planning by offering low fares. Single aircrafts has help out in reducing training, maintenance and supervisory cost. Ryanair has reduced it labour cost by reducing by non-unionised it labour forced. Weakness: Negative press report, poor customer services has bad impact on the brand image of the ryanair. Ryanair have low level of trained personnel and also give low level of empathy and moral to the employees but ryanair need well trained craft personnel. If any new taxes are applied on new fares it become cause of misleading, wrong advertisement, misleading website become reason of sensitivity of ryanair. Mobile phones and gambling also not allowed during journey and it is discouraging the customers. Increase in the emission of CO2 and fuel consumption and it has bad impact on environment. Opportunities: If ryanair start better business routes and start new operation by doing merger and acquisition. If ryanair fulfil the EU market requirements then due to its low fare policy it can develop the economy growth and increase the employment opportunities. OPEN SKY agreement can help out to develop its business route and consolidation of low fares. It can attract middle class people for the travelling. Ryanair can also get new fleet on lease and it will be good source of earning. Threats: There many competitors in the market like LLC are direct competitor of ryanair which has affected the share market. Rich people and upper class people dont prefer low fare they want good and high class service so that is also threat for the ryanair. It can create problem to make decision in future. New rules and regulation can be threat for the ryanair, might be it can emphasis to increase the cost. Threat of war and bad weather can create problem in journey planners. Strategic capabilities of Ryanair: Strategic capabilities mean those skills and ability that help out to achiveve the stage of surveillance of market. It has two types. Resources Competences Resources: Threshold resources: Ryanair includes Flights, office equipment, head quarters, finance resources and employees. Core resources: Ryanair has also core resources which is CEO Michael OLeary. Competence : Threshold competences: It includes online banking system, operation of on time delivery, point to point routing. Core competences: Core competence of ryanair is low cost, no frill strategy and route policy strategy. All of these capabilities of the ryanair are the part of the SWOT. We can come to know about the resources of the ryanair and which core concepts and threshold are includes. It is also helpful in analysis of strategy of ryanair. Ryanair competitive advantage: Ryanair have competitive advantage because of its low fares, no frills, point to point fights, online booking, tickles boarding and no refund policies and many more. Except theses there are many reasons like marketing on airports, no cargo service, new air crafts, new fleets and ryanair have corporate partnership which is the reason of high productivity level. Ryanair also provide basic services during journeys. Conclusion and recommendations: At the end, in my point of view Ryanair should have to keep on its competitors which strategy techniques they are using like Virgin airline are using Bowman strategy clock so it should have to use it. Ryanair should have to offer high and good quality service with low prices through these customers will attract more. Yip and Johnson has appraised on their article Transforming Strategy that if the company is offering lower cost with the lower strategy has no work and cannot compete with their rivals. Ryanair has tried to hit the specific market like Ireland UK market by organise growth plans. Ryanair thinks that by increasing the quality service and routes from UK to Europe where the high cost service are available, it can increase the sales. Thus, Ryanair strategy low fare, good service , no frill strategy can make more profit and can increase their income level as well as they can bound in relation with the stakeholders customer and passengers.

The Individualization of Elizabeth Bennet in Pride and Prejudice Essay

The Individualization of Elizabeth Bennet in Pride and Prejudice      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Midway through Pride and Prejudice, Elizabeth Bennet arrives at a moment of self-awakening which, notably, results from the influence of someone else: Fitzwilliam Darcy.   For critic Susan Fraiman, this complication amounts to no less than, as she titles her article, "The Humiliation of Elizabeth Bennet." From this moment forward, according to Fraiman, Elizabeth Bennet ceases to think for herself.   She submits to Darcy as to a second father, relinquishes her trust in her own judgments, and thereby suffers a "loss of clout."1   This pivotal moment comes because, after Elizabeth has rejected his proposal, Darcy justifies himself in a lengthy letter.   It is true that Darcy claims that he has not, as Elizabeth has charged, separated Elizabeth's sister Jane from Jane's suitor, Mr. Bingley, "regardless of the sentiments of either" (127); neither has he inappropriately cut off Wickham, his childhood companion and son of his late father's steward, from a promised career as a clergyman.2   Darcy's version of events challenges the talent in which Elizabeth prides herself most: her ability to judge character.   Yet Fraiman maintains that "Darcy's letter saps [Elizabeth's] power to comprehend": that is, that Darcy's logic undermines Elizabeth's own and, furthermore, that Darcy designs his letter to "inflict" pain on Elizabeth.   By allowing Darcy's logic to supercede her own, and receiving with "enthusiasm" the pain that he inflicts, Elizabeth accepts this "humiliation."3   Although Elizabeth comes to agree that Darcy's previous actions were indeed justified, Fraiman incorrectly assumes that this transformation "disables" Elizabeth's capacity to arr... ...eth's tribulations and subsequent accomplishments cannot be deemed as a symbol for women's liberation, her flawed character faces an even bigger battle: a fight against the weaknesses of human nature.   She, as are we, is prone to the gender-neutral weaknesses of prejudice and vanity, yet by recognizing and responding to these all-too-human failings with level-mindedness and dignity, she shows us a way out.         Notes       1. Susan Fraiman, "The Humiliation of Elizabeth Bennet," excerpted in the Norton Critical 2nd edition of Jane Austen, Pride and Prejudice, ed. Donald Gray (New York and London: Norton, 1993), 377.    2. All references to Jane Austen's Pride and Prejudice are from the Norton Critical 3rd edition, ed. Donald Gray (New York and London: Norton, 2001).    3. Fraiman, 382.    4. Fraiman, 382.      

The Golden Era of East Coast Hip-Hop

The Golden era of east coast hip-hop This piece will demonstrate an understanding of the golden era of East coast hip-hop, from 1986 to 1993, focusing and analysing the historical roots, influences and inspirational individuals, giving reference to musical examples that shaped East coast hip-hop. Attention will also be centred on the legacy left, concentrating on the music that was influenced as well as the resulting change in fashion and political views. Historical roots & influenceThe East coast was influenced somewhat by the traditions of West African culture, the Griots dating back hundreds of years who travelled as poets and lyricists, contributed greatly to the lyricism of East coast hip-hop; the music of the Last Poets, Gil Scott-Heron and Jalal Mansur Nurriddin, had great importance to the development of east coast hip hop with their early raps and rhythm. The furthermost direct influence on East coast hip-hop was the Jamaican style of ‘Toasting’, which consisted of chanting over African American R&B records.African American sailors  introduced  Toasting’  in the 1960s at dances termed  Ã¢â‚¬ËœBlues dances’,  whilst in port. The advent of Hip-hop culture can be traced back to the ever more widespread block parties of New York City (1973), where a cross cultralization of African Americans and Puerto Ricans began in the South Bronx. These block parties mostly comprised of DJs playing vernacular genres such as soul, funk and disco, DJ Kool Herc amongst them, was credited with the development of East coast hip-hop, his technique of isolating the ‘break’ from a hard hitting funk track and extending it by using two copies of the same record became very popular.He emigrated to America (1967) from Jamaica bringing with him the already popular DJ style of break-beat mixing used in Jamaican Dub music. He encouraged B-boying or break-dancing, which became part of the four elements of hip-hop culture (B-boying, rap, graffiti and Djing), he  introduced a generation of sampling, which was extensively used in 80s hip-hop whilst creating a generation of  Djs  and influencing artists such as Grandmaster Flash, Afrika Bambaatta and DJ Premier. Gangs had great influence on the evolution of East coast hip-hop culture, from guarding equipment, security for Djs, to collecting money off the doors of parties.Afrika Bambaatta once head of the largest gang in New York, the Black Spades, managed to create one the largest movements in hip-hop culture, the Zulu Nation. This hip-hop awareness group began organizing social events for the youths of New York, merging the main the four elements of hip-hop, B-boying, graffiti, rapping and Dj mixing to create a place of unity and peace, where issues could be settled without violence and where the youth could socialize, as well as promoting black power.Bambaatta had great effect on the growth of hip-hop culture; one very influential piece he produced was Planet rock (1982), which became one of the most ever sampled and remixed tracks in hip-hop. The influence from Kraftwerk is apparent throughout; the melody from the Trans-Europe express (1977) is used as well as their style of synthetic drums and rhythms. Arthur Baker, the producer, set a blueprint for future producers by the use of the Roland TR-808. Distinctive elements & individualsIn divergence to many early raps, which utilized basic rhyme patterns, East coast can be defined by its emphasis on poetic skill; it may also be characterized by its intricate wordplay, metaphors, polysyllable rhymes and smooth conveyance, production may be perceived as ‘hard hitting’, aggressive and mainly sample driven, as seen in Dj Premier’s iconic production. A major influential duo in East coast rap was Eric B & Rakim, who made sampling James Brown the main basis of hip-hop in the late 80s and early 90s.The duo saw their debut with the single Eric B is president (1986), which consis ted of Rakim’s notable laidback vocal style and Eric B’s distinguished scratching. The original record recognized Eric B as the producer and Marley Marle as the mixer, but the fact was, Marley Marle arranged the parts together; the duo just simply paid him, due to their lack of knowledge with studio equipment.The track contained the famous baseline from Fonda Rae’s over like a rat (1982) above drums from the Honey Dipper’s Impeach the president (1972) and the vocal sample of James Brown’s funky president (1974), which was the scratched by Eric B; a subtle 808 kick was also layered underneath. Marley Marle produced the entire track using a four track recorder and an Akai Mpc Renaissance, he described these confines as, â€Å"Limitations made us what we were,† he said. â€Å"We were making classic hip hop in the projects in the living room, no studio and a four track.So it’s not where you’re from, it’s where you’re at. Sometimes limitations are good†[1]. The duo had their album debut with Paid in full (1987) which soon became East coast hip-hop’s most influential album of the golden era, with Rakim’s style setting a blueprint for future East coast rappers, it was taken from the old-school era to the lyrical dexterity known to define East coast hip-hop of the 90s. Rakim’s jazz influences were portrayed throughout the album with his tranquil implementation.Yvonne Bynoe describes this era as â€Å"During this period, it was rap artists, rather than Black churches or traditional civil rights organizations, who through their music and personas connected with disenfranchised urban youth†[2]. James Brown had a very similar influence, â€Å"His music not only reflected the stride of and the diligence and militancy of the Black liberation struggle, but some of his songs became anthems of Black Pride in the face of racism and state repression, such as, â€Å"Say it L oud, I’m Black and I’m Proud,† which echoed a mantra of Emiliano Zapata, â€Å"We’d rather die on our feet / Than be livin’ on our knees†[3].These views on Black Nationalism, social states and Afrocentrism became the main reasons for the extensive sampling of James Brown in this era, many would agree that without James Brown hip-hop would not be where it is today. K. R. S One became a foremost influence to the East coast hip-hop movement, eager to express his West Indian heritage he began creating a new hip-hop reggae style, deeply motivated by reggae legend Shinehead he started to incorporate and promote Jamaican dance hall expressions into hip-hop music.He had his debut after founding BDP (Boogie Down Productions), combined with D-Nice and DJ Scot La Rock with the influential album Criminal Minded (1987), which soon gained credit for the establishment of gangsta rap. The album’s production followed the path of Eric B and Rakim by the wide acceptance of sampling James Brown. Poetry (1987) contained samples from James Brown’s Don’t tell it (1976), Dope beat (1987) enclosed samples from ACDC Back in Black (1981) and Criminal minded incorporated the vocal melody from the Beatles Hey, Jude (1968).The Jamaican inspiration is present throughout the album, utilizing the ‘Diseases’ riddim which began with Yelowman’s reggae song Zunguzung (1982), the groove can strongly be heard in Remix for p & 9mm but was more hostile and provocative. Criminal minded was the first album to contain a vivid portrayal of real life in the south Bronx streets; it paved the way for the next decade of gangsta rap. The albums was the first of their kind to promote gun violence as can be heard in 9mm and the brandishing of firearms on the front cover, which soon became widely accepted in the 90s era.The album was mainly produced by K. R. S; it is sampled based production, a very aggressive style and utilizing t he sampling of funk ‘breaks’. The legacy The legacy East coast hip-hop left was vast, greatly expanding to a more commercially viable demographic, with the help of Bambaatta, it was spread worldwide. Dr. Joycelyn Wilson describes the legacy left, â€Å"Surely the cultural expressions in a hip-hop lifestyle created a way for many people across a variety of backgrounds to grow wealth, extend the boundaries of their artistic talents and establish a foothold in areas of political and civic engagement†[4].Political and social views expressed through music had been preserved in many other styles of music, gangsta rap was soon to follow the golden era, heavily influenced by Eric B & Rakim and K. R. S, it became a dominant force in hip hop culture up until its collapse in the late 1990s. The majority of early rap was accredited for decreasing gang violence but the emergence of gangsta rap did completely the opposite, many youths of society would come to express the quarr els of individuals into a nationwide dispute, this can be seen in the feud between the Blood and the Crips gangs.The golden era was the most innovative, diverse and creative period in hip-hop; it developed many new styles of popular music, formed new words, which have currently entered our daily vernacular and penetrated conventional culture. The early fashion style of the B-boys (baggy jeans, trainers, jewellery and tracksuits etc. ) has been echoed throughout mainstream society, with the majority of popular fashion companies following. Businesses such as Adidas, Nike, Fred Perry, and so forth have all played part in spreading hip-hop fashion to the masses.Many genres have been influenced since this era from the direct sampling of raps as seen in early jungle, (Dj Hype’s early production is a good example), to mainstream pop culture taking direct influence, having such artist as N. E. R. D, Nelly and Mary J Blige having number ones during the 2000s. Graffiti has since become a worldwide, recognised art form, from being regarded simply as vandalism, to now having designated art galleries for street art, artists such as Banksy have taken direct influence from hip-hop culture to develop their own skills. Bibliography Krims, A . (2000). Analyzing rap: An outline.Rap Music and the Poetics of Identity. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p12-17. Plough, G. (2004). Hip-Hop is more than just a music to me: The potential for a movement in the culture. Check It While I Wreck It: Black Womanhood, Hip-Hop Culture, and the Public Sphere. Holliston: Northeastern University Press . p3-12. Price, E . (2006). The rise and spread of Hip-hop culture . Hip-Hop Culture. /: ABC-CLIO Ltd . p1-17. Vierkant, P. (16 July 2007 ). James Brown and his influential power in music. James Brown and the black power movement or was America's soul brother number one a black nationalist?.Munich: GRIN Verlag oHG . p21-38. Andrew copyright extraordinaire. (2012). Hip Hop Influence Throug h the Years. Avalable: http://altavozdistroco. com/2012/02/28/hip-hop-influence-through-the-years/. Last accessed 18th Feb 2013. Bynoe Y. 2005. HIP-HOP POLITICS: DECONSTRUCTING THE MYTH . Available at: http://funk-the-system. net/hiphopolitics. html. Last accessed 20th Feb 2013. Dubspot. (2012). Marley Marl ‘Classic Recipes' – Recreating Eric B. & Rakim ‘Eric B. Is President' . [Online Video]. 28 November. Available from: http://youtu. be/hvob_fcrRZs. Last accessed: 19th February 2013.Dr. Wilson, J. (2011). What Will Be Hip-Hop's Legacy?. Available at: http://www. theroot. com/views/what-will-be-hip-hop-s-legacy-it-s-complicated? page=0,1. Last accessed 19th Feb 2013. Hales, L. (2007). James Brown left indelible mark on Black culture. Available: http://www. workers. org/2007/us/james-brown-0111/. Last accessed 18th Feb 2013. Linebarger, J. (/). HIP-HOP’S LEGACY AND IMPACT ON POPULAR CULTURE. Available: http://www. sbea. mtu. edu/users/jdlineba/Hiphop%20rese arch%20final. pdf. Last accessed 2nd Feb 2013. Smith, K. (/). The Influence of Hip Hop Music on Society.Available: http://www. ehow. com/about_6635022_influence-hip-hop-music-society. html. Last accessed 15th Jan 2013. Wood, J . (2004). RAP MUSIC. Available: http://novaonline. nvcc. edu/eli/evans/his135/Events/Rap79/RapMusic. html. Last accessed 18th Feb 2013. Wikipedia. (2013). Rapping. Available: http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Rapping. Last accessed 18th Feb 2013. ———————– [1] Dubspot. (2012) [2] Bynoe Y (/) [3] Hales, L. (2007) [4] P. 2 Dr. Wilson, J. (2011) ———————– q? w? e? r? t? y? u? i? o? p? a? s? d? f? g? h? j? k? l? z? x? c? v? b? n? m? q? ? e? r? t? y? u? i? o? p? a? s? d? f? g? h? j? k? l? z? x? c? v? b? n? m? q? w? e? r? t? y? u? i? o? p? a? s? d? f? g? h? j? k? l? z? x? c? v? b? n? m? q? w? e? r? t? y? u? i? o? p? a? s? d? f? g? h? j? k? l? z? x? c? v? b? n? m? q? w? e? r? t? y? u? i? o? p? a? s? d? f? g? h? j? k? l? z? x? c? v? b? n? m? q? w? e? r? t? y? u? i? o? p? a? s? d? f? g? h? j? k? l? z? x? c? v? b? n? m? q? w? e? r? t? y? u? i? o? p? a? s? d? f? g? h? j? k? t? y? u? i? o? p? a? s? d? f? g? h? j? k? l? z? x? c? v? b? n? m? q? w? e? r? t? y? u? i? o? p? a? s? d? f? g? h? j? k? l? z? x? c? v? b? n? m?

Were the Conditions Bad for All Black Americans During the 1920s

Were the Conditions bad for all black Americans during the 1920s? Explain your answer fully. When Black Americans first came to the USA they were used as slaves in the 17th and 18th century; and so when slavery ended in 1860s, there were more black Americans than whites living in the Southern States. During this time white Americans controlled the state governments, fearing the power of blacks and introducing laws to control their freedoms. The USA constitution and federal law declared that everyone was equal. The southern states passed the Jim Crow Laws which related to segregation.This meant that white people and black people had to live separately. The areas of society affected by segregation included churches, hospitals, theatres and schools. Black American’s were only segregated in the South. There the KKK (Klu Klutz Klan) formed, their aim was to terrorise foreigners, and black Americans were the most affected by this. The KKK would lynch black people and kill them, they usually raided houses at night and there they killed their victims. By 1925 the KKK had around 5 million members. Blacks found it hard to get fair treatment.They could not vote and were denied access to good jobs and a reasonable education. Between 1925 and 1922 more than 430 black Americans were lynched. The KKK had a huge influence on the people living in the area around the KKK, many law enforcers were also part of the KKK and some politicians were forced into the KKK or else they wouldn’t get votes. Due to the Segregation in the south many black American’s moved to the North in hope for better living conditions, around 1 million black people moved from the south to the North during that time. This was known as the â€Å"Great Migration†.The conditions in the North were not that much better off, although they weren’t segregated like they were in the South they were still discriminated. For example they couldn’t get on the same bus as whites and didn’t go to the same schools. Most blacks lived in poorer housing and yet they paid higher rents. They also got bad jobs. There were slight improvements for the black Americans living in the North. During the time Jazz was bought to fame by musicians like Louis Armstrong and Bessie Smith. Bessie Smith was a famous Jazz singer and it was reported that she died as she wasn’t admitted to a white hospital after a accident.This shows that even when people were famous and rich they were still discriminated for their race. Overall the conditions for Black Americans were all bad but some were more severe than other. This is because those who were unfortunate enough to live in the South were segregated and had a tougher life then the black Americans in the North. For those people that lived in the south their life was much tuffer and there was always a chance that they might not live the next day while in the Northern States they could go to work, even though it wasn’t the best job, and they had a safe place to live where they knew no one would raid them.