An Interpretation of My Sweet Old Etcetera by E.E. Cummings :: Cummings My Sweet Old Etcetera Essays

An Interpretation of My Sweet Old Etcetera by E.E. Cummings' my sweet old etcetera is a piece of E.E. Cummings' is 5 assortment of verse, which was distributed in 1926. This sonnet and a large portion of Cummings' other verse was known for its typographic development. One will see that there are just two uppercase letters in the entire piece and not one period. The main accentuation mark present is the comma, making delays in the discourse. Fundamentally the entire sonnet is a major sudden spike in demand for sentence. my sweet old etcetera was composed, just as the vast majority of Cummings' other verse, to have visual viability and substance just as artistic adequacy and substance. After all Cummings was a painter and a craftsman. He needed individuals see the verse, not simply read it. So as to comprehend what the sonnet is around, one may revamp it and split it up into lucid, complete sentences. One should likewise put proper linguistic structure and accentuation where it should be. Obviously, one needs to expel the entirety of the etceteras so as to bode well. I accept this is a story where E.E. Cummings is telling. It is about an encounter he is having while at war and how it is affecting his family during this time. The language isn't streaming in light of the fact that the typography, the absence of sentence structure and accentuation makes it confounding. Etcetera was tossed in to a great extent, however why? This made it exceptionally hard to comprehend to get the entire picture, on the grounds that the word's different positions caused an interference. Etcetera signifies various undefined extra people or things. or vague extra things. I trust Cummings needed to state more inside the sonnet yet figured he could get his sonnet across by embeddings etcetera in different spots. He additionally may have been attempting to say something by telling the world, you don't need to get a point across by utilizing a ton of detail at some point, you don't need to utilize total sentences..or even sentences at all so far as that is concerned. my sweet old etcetera

“Coming Back” by David Hill and “Tully” by Paullina Simons

‘Teenagers don’t consistently know all the appropriate responses. Writings can offer significant exercises, which may help responders in mirroring their own values’.Ignorant, unknowledgeable nature of youth exists as a naturalistic quality among youngsters; characters inside the writings ‘Coming Back’ by David Hill and ‘Tully’ by Paullina Simons further support this trademark. The topics of blame and recuperation just as Pain and fellowship give knowledge into key exercises that verify the responder’s values.A focal concern tended to in ‘Coming back’ by David Hill is the essential fight existent inside Ryan, which is embraced in a progression of activities that Hill partners with blame. Both Ryan and Tara are vigorously influenced by the consequences of a disastrous, car crash that hospitalized Tara Gower because of the carelessness and wildness of Ryan and his peers.Ryan hints the auto collision; redundancy, short sen tences and informal language-â€Å"If as it were. Two little words with one monstrous wicked significance. In the event that only† accentuating Ryan’s blame and lament related to the mishap. Direct language, low methodology, negative implications â€Å"I needed to rebuff myself. Hurt myself.† Forceful, target tone and redundancy in Ryan’s discourse repeat his blame, as self-destructive musings advocated his physical activities and conduct. Self - hurt is a typical consequence of agony among youth, which is shown through the wise writings of both ‘Coming Back’ and ‘Tully†, obviously direction is regularly fundamental for youngsters during adolescents.Unknowing nature can bring about dread, subsequently freezing recuperation forms. Tara Gower’s recuperation was regularly all the while influenced by her feelings of dread and fears of the obscure. The immensity of Tara’s recuperation is constantly delineated all through the content; showed by the utilization of formal language â€Å"An sway sufficiently extreme to cause cerebrum injury may likewise make harm different organs bringing about wounds of the heart† mirroring the genuine thoughts of Tara’s condition, while giving realities and palliating the injury of the vehicle accident.Medical setting additionally reflects Ryan’s fears, giving thick, accurate acknowledge that he sadly caused. Symbolism, representation, allegorical language-â€Å"I was too worn out to even think about fighting it. Surrounding me the stream continued eating away.† Demonstrating Tara’s dream like state and reflecting herâ fears of blurring endlessly. At first Tara’s language is non-literal and short, anyway her language creates after some time. First individual, symbolism, positive implications, high methodology â€Å"I felt myself gulping. Squeezed orange. A chocolate milkshake-my favorite!† demonstrating she had the opt ion to recognize taste, however not ready to take care of herself during this purpose of recuperation. Probably the most lamentable issues are best passed on in the profundity of a novel, as they give knowledge into basic exercises that bear witness to the responder’s values.Pain is an unequivocal subject present in the content ‘Tully’ by Paullina Simons; how Tully adapts to torment is an essential part of this content. The full repulsions of Tully’s youth are gradually uncovered; in spite of the fact that the story starts when she is 17, flashbacks and records of her torn encounters as a youngster describe her conduct and convictions. She was surrendered by her dad and undesirable by her damaging mother since early on; dull provisions, antagonistic implications, repeating theme â€Å"From the time Tully was two, she learned dread and with dread she learned loathe, and with despise she learned silence† showing she was brought up in an air of disrega rd and eccentric violence.Her torment brought about self mischief; similitude, symbolism, exemplification â€Å"I do it since I need to feel what passing feels like. I simply need obviousness to wash over me-to recuperate myself† outlining the incongruity and compared nature of mending and passing, inciting sentiments of uneasiness, depicting how harmed Tully has become. ‘Tully’ offers significant exercises, which are applicable to social orders concerns and beliefs.Friendship that suffers through life times is an intense topic express in ‘Tully’. Notwithstanding her torment she discovered shelter in fellowship with Jennifer and Julie, until Jennifer ended it all in their senior year. She composed a letter to Tully before her passing; strict references, high methodology, idioms, allegorical language-â€Å"God is going to call upon you to bring everything that is in you, all your iron clad, gritted teeth, gripped clench hands will to pull you through † exhibiting Jennifer trusts Tully is unbreakable and will conquer her demise, notwithstanding, Tully considers it to be a demonstration of selling out and is broken by the cruel loss of Jennifer.Tully spent numerous hours enthusiastically cleaning the restroom after†¦ and the extraordinary dull face of Jen’s father; low methodology, emotive language,â imagery-â€Å"he is as yet shocked, yet I’m previously falling, as of now can’t inhale without her† showing her fondness towards Jennifer. Jennifer’s passing hugy affected Tully, which mirrors her future conduct and values.The topics of blame, recuperation, torment and kinship are undying ideas present in numerous young people lives, the thoughts of these subjects are all inclusive as uninformed, unknowledgeable nature of youth exists as a naturalistic quality among youngsters; characters inside the writings ‘Coming Back’ by David Hill and ‘Tully’ by Paullina Sim ons further support this trademark, exhibiting that adolescents don't generally have a clue about the appropriate responses.

Social Anxiety and Employment

Social Anxiety and Employment Social Anxiety Disorder Coping Print Social Anxiety and Employment What Its Like to Be an Employee With Social Anxiety Disorder By Arlin Cuncic Arlin Cuncic, MA, is the author of Therapy in Focus: What to Expect from CBT for Social Anxiety Disorder and 7 Weeks to Reduce Anxiety. Learn about our editorial policy Arlin Cuncic Updated on June 24, 2019 Social Anxiety Disorder Overview Symptoms & Diagnosis Causes Treatment Living With In Children Tetra Images - Jamie Grill/Brand X Pictures Social anxiety disorder (SAD) can interfere with employment. Attending school, college, or university, going on job interviews, and performing in a work environment can be difficult if you live with this disorder. Those who do find themselves maintaining employment may still struggle daily. If you find yourself in this position, one thing that can help is to share how you feel. By the same token, reading stories from other people going through the same thing can be helpful. Its one thing to read facts and figures about a disorder; it is completely different to see the world through the eyes of a person living with the problem on a daily basis. Perhaps this story will sound like your own life, or maybe you have your own unique details to add. At the very least, it may help you feel less alone, or understand others with social anxiety better. The following is a fictional first-person account  of someone with social anxiety disorder and is  not based on any particular person.   A Day in the Life of Someone with SAD Mornings are usually not too bad. At least I know that I wont have to talk to anyone until I leave the house. However, if I have something that I have to do that day that involves talking to people, or even worse, some sort of public speaking, well then the day is already shot. I cant concentrate on anything else because I am worrying about what lies ahead. If I have phone calls that I need to make I usually avoid them. Put them off. What if I call and the other person is too busy? What if I am calling at a bad time? So, I ask myself, What would be the ideal time to call this person that I would not be a bother? I might choose a time like 10:00 a.m. and then worry about it until I make the call. Driving to work is not terrible. Some of the drive  I am able to do on single lane roads, which is nice because I know that nobody is going to pull up alongside me and look at me. Intersections are the worst. I never pull right up beside another car because then the person might look at me. Do I smile? Look straight ahead? Its just easier to stay a car length back. If I have to get gas, I make sure to go to a gas station with which I am familiar. I wouldnt want to make a fool of myself by pulling up to the wrong pump. I always choose self-serve over full-serve. That way I dont have to talk to anybody. Every once in a while, I decide that I need to get a haircut â€" one that doesnt involve cutting my own hair (and the disastrous results that can involve). The problem with getting a haircut is that you have to talk to the hairdresser. Usually, I answer in one-word sentences and eventually, she stops trying to talk to me. I dont have anything interesting to say anyway, so its better that she and I share the time in silence. Sometimes she will talk with her colleagues because clearly, I have become too boring. Getting back to work â€" yes I do work. Have done so for my whole adult life. I know that some people with SAD do not work. I guess I dont have it as bad as them. As much as I would love to just stay in my house and never leave, I do have to earn an income, and work is the only way I have found to do so. I have had different kinds of jobs, each with their own problems. As much as people will tell you that you can find a job that doesnt involve people â€" thats not true. If you work with animals, you usually have to talk to their owners. If you work on a computer, you usually have to talk to other people about what you are doing. Even jobs that really dont involve people do still involve other employees. And lunch hours. And water cooler talk. Those times that I do eat lunch with others are a challenge. Sometimes I am OK and make it through fine. Other times, it feels like I will never get through the meal. My hands are shaking so bad the food can barely stay on my fork. It always feels like I am narrowly averting disaster. That next time, I will surely spill my drink or just not be able to eat at all. Other people might spend their days conversing with friends. I dont. I know people, but I dont really have any friends. Its not that people dont like me, they just dont really know me. Its hard to get to know me when I am so anxious all the time. People have tried to be my friend, but I dont reciprocate because of my anxiety. I dont call because I am afraid. Eventually, the person stops trying. If its a day that I dont have to work, and I dont have any other plans, then I usually stay home. Which is good because I dont feel as anxious, but bad because I do eventually get lonely. I think about everyone else out doing fun and exciting things with friends and family. I start to get down if I spend too much time alone. Its a paradox really; Im afraid to be with people, but at the same time I get down being alone. If on a particular day, like I mentioned before, I have a specific engagement where I have to speak, I will worry about it all day. If its a speech I have to give, I can worry about it for weeks. Or months. And when I say worry, I mean panic. Full-blown panic attacks in the middle of the night. Just in anticipation of the event. For the most part, I try to avoid these types of responsibilities. But life sometimes throws them at you. Grocery shopping is not too bad. I keep a  list in hand, my head down, and shop as fast as I can so that I can get out of the store. If I see someone I know, I usually do my best to avoid having to talk to that person. What will I say? They will think I am boring. The conversation will dwindle and it will be awkward. Better just to avoid it altogether. I usually eat dinner alone and then maybe watch television. I dont usually have plans in the evening during the week. Or on the weekend, come to think of it. In order to have plans, you have to have friends. Once in a while, I will do something with my family. Once in a while doesnt happen very often. I dont think I choose to be this way. I dont know why anyone would choose to be this way. Its a horrible way to live. I would rather have a problem that was very specific, like a fear of spiders or fear of heights. That is something people can understand and it doesnt affect every aspect of your life. That is what this does. It affects every part of my life. Because spending the rest of my life alone is not really a life. When my head hits the pillow, the thoughts return. What did I do wrong today? How  did I embarrass myself? What do I have to do tomorrow? How can I get out of it? If I am lucky, I fall asleep right away. I have found that exercise helps to tire me out and lets me fall asleep more easily. If I havent exercised, it can take hours to fall asleep. The thoughts just keep churning through my head and dont relent. I want to get help but I dont know how. Nobody knows about the inner turmoil I go through. They might have noticed a bit of anxiety here and there, but for the most part, I keep it pretty well hidden. Its not like other mental illnesses where there is an impact on others in my life; its only me that gets the brunt of it. I just keep on taking it because I dont know how to get over it. There are some rays of hope, though. I know I havent tried everything to fight my fears and Im not willing to give up just yet. I do believe that meeting other people like myself could make a difference. If I could join a therapy group specifically to help people with social anxiety disorder (SAD), then at least I would know everyone else there was dealing with the same problems. It would feel less awkward because we would all be in the same boat. In the meantime, I continue to read all I can. I may try another self-help program or one day work up the courage to make an appointment with my doctor. Its hard. Every day is hard, but I keep going knowing that it will be better someday. I am better now than I used to be, and I think that just comes with age. I do think that the more I expose myself to social situations, the more comfortable I will become. In some ways, I just lack the practice because fear has kept me away. I know that there are others who have much worse social anxiety than me. There are probably some who have it milder as well. I just know that mine is impairing enough that it affects everything I do on a daily basis. That really is the struggle â€" that the fear and anxiety never leaves me because our world is so social. A  Word From Verywell This fictional account reflects someone likely living with a mild to moderate level of social anxiety â€" this person is able to function in most areas of life but lives with anxiety under the surface. There are many different levels of social anxiety, so your situation could look very different. Whatever your symptoms, know that there are others who are also struggling with the same issues and that you are not alone. Effective treatments do exist for SAD, if you are willing to reach out to get help. The 7 Best Online Anxiety Support Groups

Essay on Nineteenth Century Education in Jane Eyre

Nineteenth Century Education in Jane Eyre Charlotte Bronte was born in Yorkshire in 1816. She spent most of her life in Haworth, a bleak Yorkshire village where her father was curate. In 1821 her mother died, so she, her four sisters, Elizabeth, Anne, Maria and Emily and her brother Branwell were sent to live with their Aunt, Elizabeth Branwell. In 1824 Charlotte was sent with Elizabeth, Maria and Emily to a school for daughters of the clergy. While at school two of her sisters died of typhus, this is where she got her inspiration for Lowood. After Charlotte left this school she went to Miss Woolers School and returned home as a teacher. She also became a governess, as this was a†¦show more content†¦In 1870 a place was provided for every child in school, but school was still not compulsory. In 1880 the Mundella Act was passed, making it law that every child had to go to school. In 1891 education was made free for all. In the novel ‘Jane Eyre’ there are three types of education described. They are Lowood, the governess system and a Village School. These are all based on Charlottes personal recolections. Jane Eyre was sent to Lowood at the age of 10. The Lowood timetable was very strict; the girls were controlled by the use of bells. There were 80 girls in total; they all wore the strict uniform, ‘brown stuff frocks and long holland pinafores.’ The girls ranged from the age of 9-20. There were monitors that were like the prefects in that they collected the lesson books and gave out the supper trays and they did other general tasks. Lowood was a very religious school and prayers were very important to them, they were said in the morning for an hour, in the evening before dinner. School dinners and suppers were not very nice, even the teachers were surprised at what the girls were made to eat. The girls slept in dormitories, when the bell went for getting up time the room was very cold, the girls got up and washed in cold water. There were 6 girls to a washbasin, the bell rang again and the girls descended down the stairs inShow MoreRelated Jane Eyre and Education in Ni neteenth-century England Essay1565 Words   |  7 PagesJane Eyre and Education in Nineteenth-century England Jane Eyre provides an accurate view of education in nineteenth-century England, as seen by an 1840s educator. The course of Janes life in regard to her own education and her work in education are largely autobiographical, mirroring Charlotte Brontes own life. Janes time at Lowood corresponds to Charlottes education at a school for daughters of the clergy, which she and her sisters Maria, Elizabeth and Emily left for in 1824. Jane wentRead MoreEssay on A Womans World in Jane Eyre by Charlotte Brontà «1145 Words   |  5 Pageswho lived and wrote during the beginning of the nineteenth century. It was a time when England was going through a slow but significant change, mainly surrounding the Industrial Revolution, but still preceding the days of any major feminist movements. Brontà « was angered that she had to write under a fake male name in order to have Jane Eyre published and read. Nevertheless, she was still completely focused on addressing issues concerning women, education, a nd marriage. Combining these topics, she producedRead MoreJane Eyre by Charlotte Bronte Essay1162 Words   |  5 Pagesmany occupations that were deemed acceptable besides ‘teacher’ or ‘governess’ in the mid-nineteenth century. Her imagination was far too creative to be left unwritten on a page. Charlotte Bronte’s writings reflect her opinions on women’s roles in society and such opinion is shown in Jane Eyre. Although Jane Eyre was considered radical for its time because women weren’t supposed to play the role of heroine, Jane Eyre rises up from her oppressors, fights for what she thinks is right, and above all staysRead MoreWuthering Heights By Charlotte Bronte1137 Words   |  5 Pagesstage for humanity through their works. Emily Bronte wrote Wuthering Heights, Charlotte Bronte wrote Jane Eyre and Anne Bronte wrote Agnes Grey. They wrote these novels based on their own experiences and close observation of life and conditions of wom en in male dominated society. Their works of fiction depict the saga of women’s struggle (for identity, equality and existence) of nineteenth century England and contain elements of feminism. To raise female voices( subaltern voices), against the maleRead MoreTheme Of Oppression In Jane Eyre1088 Words   |  5 PagesNineteenth century England was rooted deeply in both social, and class division as a means of maintaining a certain degree of order within their society. In the early nineteenth century, England was undergoing rapid change as the industrial revolution began to sweep through the country. With this rapid change brought on further gender, and social class divisions centered upon education, employment, and marriage. Both women, and the lower class were heavily oppressed during the time period, as theyRead MoreAssignment 2-Introduction to Written Texts Essay2201 Words   |  9 Pages | Assignment 2: Essay 1 Topic 3- Do you see a conflict between Jane and the 19th Century female wanting social equality, but at the same time needing to remain socially acceptable? Do you think this might also apply to the author in her writing of the novel? There is a conflict between Jane and the nineteenth century female wanting social equality, but at the same time needing to remain socially acceptable. In this essay I will also lookRead MoreThe Madwoman in the Attic by Sandra Gilbert and Susan Gubar560 Words   |  2 Pagessociety and act as a harbinger of changes that trickle through and flood the socio-political orders that be. This was particularly true for the nineteenth-century female writer who was â€Å"enclosed in the architecture of an overwhelmingly male-dominated society† (Gilbert and Gubar). As the authors of The Madwoman in the Attic: The Woman Writer and the Nineteenth-Century Literary Imagination Sandra Gilbert and Susan Gubar point out, there existed at the time â€Å"a common, female impulse to struggle free from socialRead More Biblical Allusions in Charlotte Brontes Jane Eyre Essay1007 Words   |  5 PagesBiblical Allusions in Charlotte Brontes Jane Eyre One Sunday evening, shortly after Jane arrives at Lowood School, she is forced to recite the sixth chapter of St. Matthew as part of the daily lesson (70; ch. 7). This chapter in Matthew states, Therefore take no thought, saying, What shall we eat? or, What shall we drink or, Wherewithal shall we be clothed? / (For after all these things do the Gentiles seek:) for your heavenly Father knoweth that ye have need of all these things. / ButRead MoreWomen During The Nineteenth Century1562 Words   |  7 PagesWomen both in Europe and America during the nineteenth century were living in a society that was characterised by gender inequality (Wwnorton.com, 2015). In the early periods of the century, women were expected to remain passive and subservient to the male counterparts. They were denied many of the legal, social, or even political rights, which in the modern world we consider as a right (Wwnorton.com, 2015). Thus, generally speaking women who belonged to the middle and upper classes remained home;Read Moreâ€Å"Theme of Education in Charlotte Brontes ‘Jane Eyre’†2148 Words   |  9 PagesSet in the nineteenth century, Jane Eyre describes a woman’ s continuous journey through life in search of acceptance and inner peace. Each of the physical journeys made by the main character, Jane Eyre, have a significant effect on her emotions and cause her to grow and change into the woman she ultimately becomes. Her experiences at Lowood School, Thornfield Hall, Moor house, and Ferndean ingeniously correspond with each stage of Jane’s inner quest and development from an immature child to an intelligent

Movie Review 12 Angry Men - 607 Words

Ans 6. â€Å"Prejudice always complicated the truth.† The movie 12 Angry Men, by means of several situational examples, reaffirms the fact. The first case in point is of the boy on trial who is born and brought up in slums. Many of the jury members, especially jurors 10, 7, 4 and 3 are heavily influenced by the prejudices they hold against children from the slums. In one of the scenes, juror 10, goes into a rage and explains why people from the slums cannot be trusted and calls them little better than animals who gleefully kill each other off for fun. Juror 4 had earlier pointed out that slums are breeding grounds for criminals and that these slum children are a threat to our society to which 10 adds that they are â€Å"real trash†. This is where†¦show more content†¦He later admits that his anger over his son is the reason why he wants the defendant to be guilty and breaks down tearing off the photograph of his with his son. Theoretical perspectives: Some of the theories that explain certain situations in the movie are: Confirmation Bias – Because of which we tend to be willing to gather facts that support certain conclusions but disregard other facts that support different conclusions. Individuals who are highly defensive in this manner show significantly greater left prefrontal cortex activity as measured by EEG than do less defensive individuals. Selective perception – Due to which we, out of prejudice, actively screen-out information that we do not think is important. Source credibility bias – Because of which and out of prejudice we reject something if we have a bias against the person, organization, or group to which the person belongs: We are inclined to accept a statement by someone we like. Choice-supportive bias - This occurs when we distort our memories of chosen and rejected options to make the chosen options seem more attractive. References:Show MoreRelatedTheme Of Self Image In 12 Angry Men892 Words   |  4 Pagessingle person on this earth is unique unto theirself. Think about it! Each individual has their own personality, agenda and history. Such are the characters portrayed in 12 Angry Men. The movie 12 Angry Men was the first of fourty-three films in the career of director Sidney Lument, who often sought controversial issues (RE). This movie focuses on a jury’s deliberation in a capital murder case, where a guilty verdict means an automatic death sentence. As the deliberations unfold the story quickly becomesRead MoreEssay about Influencing an Entire Crowd in 12 Angry Men1021 Words   |  5 PagesTwelve Angry Men is a movie that was made in 1957. The movie is a classic showing how one person can change the minds of an entire crowd. In this group of a dozen jurors you have very different personalities and also you have some men that want to be leaders and some that do not. Also the movie demo nstrates that actions and behaviors of the twelve jurors. This is an example of small group communications. The juror that was the Architect in the suit was probably the strongest leader in theRead MoreAnalysis Of 12 Angry Men And Groupthink1519 Words   |  7 Pages12 Angry Men and Groupthink The movie â€Å"12 Angry Men,† is one that begins with a judge talking about the circumstances that surround a murder trial where a judge sends the jury off to deliberate on their verdict. Throughout the movie the twelve men struggle between deciding if the defendant if guilty or not guilty for the crime of murdering his own father. If found guilty, the young boy will be sentenced to death. The twelve men spend their time in a hot room debating if this boy is truly guiltyRead MoreCadillac Records1086 Words   |  5 Pagesbriefly shows Mick Jagger, from The Rolling Stones near the end of the film, and occasionally Howlin Wolf and Hubert Sumlin make an appearance. 　　The movie first introduces the main characters. Leonard Chess is portrayed to audience as an ambitious young man. His parents were polish immigrants, and he dreams of being successful and rich. As the movie progresses and he is shown to be a competent businessman; and he also seems to care for the musicians that he works with, especially Muddy. A few minutesRead MoreEssay about 12 Angry Men Group Behavior1610 Words   |  7 PagesGroup Dynamics in 12 Angry Men In the 1957 classic 12 Angry Men, group dynamics are portrayed through a jury deliberation. Group dynamics is concerned with the structure and functioning of groups as well as the different types of roles each character plays. In the film, twelve men are brought together in a room to decide whether a boy is guilty of killing his father. The personality conflicts, the joint effort and the functioning of several minds together to search for the truth are just a fewRead MoreFilm Analysis: 12 Angry Men Essay789 Words   |  4 Pageson the line, meaning that if the verdict is guilty, the person is automatically sentenced to death, you would hope a jury would be sure that a person is guilty beyond a reasonable doubt, before sending a person to death. While watching the movie, 12 Angry Men, what seemed to be an open-and-shut guilty verdict for the jury, instead took a viewer through numerous ethical dilemmas, specifically dealing with prejudice, capital punishment, integrity, anger and ho stility resulting in reasonable doubt.Read MoreEssay about Group Dynamics in 12 Angry Men 1595 Words   |  7 PagesIn the 1957 classic 12 Angry Men, group dynamics are portrayed through a jury deliberation. Group dynamics is concerned with the structure and functioning of groups as well as the different types of roles each character plays. In the film, twelve men are brought together in a room to decide whether a boy is guilty of killing his father. The personality conflicts, the joint effort and the functioning of several minds together to search for the truth are just a few characteristics of group dynamicsRead More12 Angry Men Analysis 6965 Words   |  4 PagesIn the movie â€Å"12 Angry Men† all five methods of influence were used. The Methods of influence such as use of reason, assertiveness, coalition building, higher values, and bargaining were all used by the jurors; whether it was purposely or subconsciously. The influential methods used by juror number eight were the most effective for many reasons. Jurors number three, the messenger service owner, and number ten, the garage owner tried to use the assertiveness method of influence to get their pointsRead More12 Angry Men1257 Words   |  6 Pages12 Angry Men-Influencing Other Group Members This movie was great to see again and to experience all the different dynamics that were occurring amongst the 12 jurors. The time frame in which this movie takes place is not too different than what we experience today in our judicial system. The major differences today would be we do not discriminate based upon age, race or gender. All three of these factors would influence how the jurors would interact with one another and would eventually haveRead MoreEssay about Persuasion in 12 Angry Men984 Words   |  4 Pagesaudience and include different opinions into a shared conclusion. In the movie â€Å"12 Angry Men†, juror number 8 (Henry Fonda) was not sure if evidence presented against a young defendant in court left reasonable doubt for a guilty conviction. The other jurors believed the presented facts and the defendant’s background warrants a guilty conviction. The movie showed how juror number 8 persuasively got the other jurors to review each fact logically, which led to an unanimous not guilty decision. Conger

The Help (Kathryn Stockett) Important Character Free Essays

The Help written by Kathryn Stockett is a beautiful but shocking look into the racism towards coloured maids in Jackson Mississippi during the 1960’s. An important character who helped to develop much of the plot-line is Hilly Hilbrook. Hilly becomes an important character through her talent for nasty gossip, her power over people and the insecurities she has about herself . We will write a custom essay sample on The Help (Kathryn Stockett) Important Character or any similar topic only for you Order Now She somehow manages to still seem cute and innocent and is described as, † One a those grown lady’s that still dress like a little girl with big bows and matching hats and such. She ain’t my favourite. † The main reason Hilly becomes such an unforgettable villain is because of her talent for gossip. Part of Hilly’s personality is her ability to make people listen and once that happens, (even if its only whispered ), it spreads through the town like wildfire. â€Å"She give one a her little ‘a-hems’; she got this way a clearing her throat real delicate-like that get everybodies attention without them even knowin she made em do it†. I think this is also something that people can easily relate to, especially at High School where instances like this happen every day, with a horrible after affect. There is one character in particular who gets the sting in tail of Hilly’s gossip and that character is Minny Jackson, known as ‘the best cook in Mississippi. † The only reason she isn’t the most popular choice for someone looking to hire a maid is because of Hilly spreading vicious rumours. Hilly wanted Minny to work for her, so she falsely spread it round town that Minny stole from Hilly’s mother who was Minny’s old employer, causing everyone to turn their noses up when Minny applied for a job, therefore forcing her back to Hilly. Hilly makes all the rules. If she has something, then everyone else wants that something too – † Hilly was the first of the girls to have a baby, and it must have come out of her like the forth commandent, because once Hilly had one, all them other girls had to have one too. † She started the â€Å"Home help Sanitation Initiative’ that required white houses to have a separate bathroom for the black help, ‘as a disease-preventative measure. ‘ One of her closest followers knew she couldn’t afford it, but in order not to issappoint Hilly, pulled money out of her daughter’s college fund in order to pay for the new bathroom. Hilly is terrified of losing her status and her title as top dog – ‘Chairman of the Jackson Junior League’ . Her fear rules her life so in turn rules everybody elses. The hero of the story wants to be a writer, so she writes a book about their town from the maids point of view. In the book some a wful things are written about Hilly that are for the first half of the book simply referred to as â€Å"the terrible alful’ committed by Minny who was seeking revenge once she knew Hilly had beaten her. Hilly knows that this would completely destroy her reputation if anyone ever figured out it was about her. This causes her to use all her power to try and convince everybody that â€Å"the book is not about Jackson! † The Character of Hilly is made memorable through Kathryn Stockett unique style of writing. She allows the reader to visualise the town of Jackson with all it’s colourful characters, of which Hilly was one of the most vivid. How to cite The Help (Kathryn Stockett) Important Character, Papers

Ancient Greek culture Essay Example For Students

Ancient Greek culture Essay Platos Allegory of the Cave may have been written to express ancient Greek culture, but for the most part it still holds true today. Granted, we possess a greater understanding of science and technology; in Platos era they would have been unable to understand quantum mechanics or the inner workings of a computer. However, when you really observe the situation not too many people today understand quantum mechanics or the inner workings of a computer. Only a few people truly understand, and those people relay this information to us in simple ways that we can understand. Thus, when one takes a wider perspective, it is quite obvious that in the metaphorical sense, we are all still prisoners of the cave. However, with the proliferation of the internet we can now share these concepts of the world we have with everyone else. Henceforth we need to update Platos model to allow for the prisoners to actually cast shadows of their own, and share their own ideas with others. In a very direct sense, we are of course prisoners of the cave simply because we cannot prove that we arent. Presumably we would have been in the cave, staring at these shadows cast on the wall since birth, and not knowing anything different we would fiercely believe that what we were seeing is all there is in life. It would be the same as someone telling us now that everything we see and experience is false; that everything is an illusion and the life we think weve worked so hard for is merely a lie. Most people would take that as an offense, defending their existence with all their worth, to the death if necessary. There are very few people that would be able to fully take into effect everything told to them, and realize the truth; or in the caves metaphorical sense turn around and view the puppet masters casting their shadows. And these people would probably be viewed as heretics; as going against the natural way. Think about the people you see everyday mumbling to themselves on the street about the end of the world or some other odd tidbit that you either ignore or just write off in your mind as crazy. What if these people are truly free from the chains of the cave, have seen the sun and have returned to tell us all of its glory. We simply write them off as insane and ignore them, and if they try hard enough we lock them up where they cant bother our normal way of life. Its a self-perpetuating system where the victims will literally defend it to the death. The world has come far since the time of Plato, this much is certain. Today we have broken the atom, landed on the moon, and sent a probe out of the solar system. However, how many people truly understand the intricacies that go into a lunar landing? How man people can name the subatomic particles that make up an atom, or even prove that they exist? The few people that do completely understand these theories would make perfect puppeteers. After all, the only people that really argue with their lofty ideas are other people with even loftier ideas. How many common people do you see daily arguing about quantum mechanics, or the theory of relativity? A fraction of the population even knows what these are, let alone fully understand them. This is a clear division, people who know and people who convey that knowledge; just like in Platos cave. How would any of us know if what theyre saying is true? They could be telling us flat out lies, so long as they had a basic outline of reason and it didnt seem too ridiculous; just like the shadows cast on the wall in the cave. Of course, there are those few people, who we usually dub conspiracy theorists, those crazy folks who are just stirring up trouble by saying things like we never landed on the moon. Most people just assume theyre talking nonsense and disregard them. But how to do know that they dont really see the truth, and this truth has driven them to disregard everything but informing the public? Of course, we dont; we defend our own observations and our perceived reality to the most extreme. .u4dd035dc9afc194723e687e762c19453 , .u4dd035dc9afc194723e687e762c19453 .postImageUrl , .u4dd035dc9afc194723e687e762c19453 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u4dd035dc9afc194723e687e762c19453 , .u4dd035dc9afc194723e687e762c19453:hover , .u4dd035dc9afc194723e687e762c19453:visited , .u4dd035dc9afc194723e687e762c19453:active { border:0!important; } .u4dd035dc9afc194723e687e762c19453 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u4dd035dc9afc194723e687e762c19453 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u4dd035dc9afc194723e687e762c19453:active , .u4dd035dc9afc194723e687e762c19453:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u4dd035dc9afc194723e687e762c19453 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u4dd035dc9afc194723e687e762c19453 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u4dd035dc9afc194723e687e762c19453 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u4dd035dc9afc194723e687e762c19453 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u4dd035dc9afc194723e687e762c19453:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u4dd035dc9afc194723e687e762c19453 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u4dd035dc9afc194723e687e762c19453 .u4dd035dc9afc194723e687e762c19453-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u4dd035dc9afc194723e687e762c19453:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Ancient Greek Civilisation EssayYesterdays society was described as a television society, and todays is an internet society. In both instances, the masses turn to some form of mass communication for their daily news, and in most cases their main source of education about the world around them. People very rarely learn through direct interaction with their respective environments. More often than not, theyre told by someone else, or they learn from the television or the internet. These facts they then interpret and accept as absolute truth to be followed and believed at all costs. Its come down to the point where its not just popular culture thats transmitted across televis ion waves and beamed into every computer, its daily news, its facts, its everything you need to know. You can sign online and learn anything about anything from any indeterminate source. There is really no way to prove your facts are correct, but at the same time you take them to heart as the absolute truth. We even use the internet to verify outside facts; if someone came to you saying something youd never heard and it sounded a bit fishy, youd first check online to make sure that its correct. If someone online told you it wasnt, youd believe that source above this person due to a false sense of internet security. Much akin to the shadows cast on the wall, all your life youve believed these facts to be true, something many high school students find out the hard way on their essays. Its truly amazing how quickly well believe something we read online, as if the people writing these websites couldnt possibly be wrong. Thus, we need to update Platos model of the cave to include more tiers. Now normal people can communicate with other people and spread their lies. Of course, people could do this in Platos time, but not to the degree that you can today. Right now, if I wanted to, I could in the blink of an eye talk to someone on the other side of the planet, and tell them whats going on right here. They would have no idea of knowing if what I was saying was right, so theyd probably take it as truth; we are inherently trusting beings. Children are especially vulnerable to this, thus taking Platos model to an even deeper level. Now longer am I restricted to mere shadows, through the internet I can fabricate pictures and describe through words exactly what I want them to believe is happening where I am. So long as my lies are not too extreme, I can fabricate any type of life that I desire. The visualization in the cave would be all the prisoners chained down watching their shadows with computers in front of them talking to other prisoners in other caves about the shadows. So really, Platos Allegory of the Cave is outdated due to the proliferation of mass communication; i.e. the internet, cell phones, even the postal service. Now the prisoners can talk to other prisoners theyve never seen before and continue to spread the lies, creating an even broader network that the mere shadow casters would have never been able to create on their own. This social network ties the prisoners together, making it even more difficult for anyone who has escaped and seen the truth to spread their word to the masses. Of course, all of this technology we use to communicate is really only controlled by the select few that truly understand it, such a small amount of the population actually understands how the internet at its core works. Thus, they can protect themselves and make sure were not communicating in a way that is disadvantageous to their continued rule.

The Tragedy of Macbeth Essay Summary Example For Students

The Tragedy of Macbeth Essay Summary Macbeth is a story about Good versus Evil on one mans mind. It is a tail about how a brave and intelligent man deliberately murders one of his fellowmen: his friend, his relative, his guest, and his king; as a consequence of his first murder, kill two other innocent men. Macbeth has lust for power and brings absolute destruction on himself and his family. When he cannot turn away from his evil course, it leads him to further appalling crimes and finally to disgrace, alienation, isolation, despair, and a violent death. In Act, one Scene 3, three witches are talking to Macbeth. Macbeth is not quite sure what to think of these prophesies-whether they are good or bad-and struggles with their possible significance. At this point in the play, Macbeth is good nature and finds his thoughts of murder. His mind focuses less on the reality of the present and focuses more on the possibilities of the future, thus his ambition takes over and becomes the single driving force in his life. Macbeths conscious is raising serious doubts as to whether or not he should kill Duncan. We will write a custom essay on The Tragedy of Macbeth Summary specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now He is worried not only that he may make a mistake and ruin his chance of attaining the throne, but also that Duncans virtues arouse so much pity that damnation will come upon his murderer. Macbeth is definitely not comfortable with killing Duncan. Finally, he recognizes his ambition, and the fact that it may cause him to falter. Act two Scene 1 Macbeths inner struggle and mental anguish is so great that he is now hallucinating, as he sees a dagger before him. He realizes that this dagger is a product of his feverish mind. At this point in the play, evil thoughts and deeds horrify Macbeth. This is shown when the imagined dagger returns, with blood on it. Lady Macbeth says that the alcohol that made the attendants drunk has given her courage. Omens of death wish the king a good night, and Macbeth is going to kill him, as the drunken attendants are unconscious. When Macbeth shows up, she is afraid they woke up and it did not work. She would have done it if Duncan did not look like her fate. Macbeth did it though (killed him). One attendant woke up and said Murder but then they went back to sleep. In Act IV, Scene 2 Lady Macduff is wondering why her husband left. She thinks he was mad, looking like a traitor, loveless and cowardly to leave his family and possessions. Ross tries to comfort her, telling her he knows what is wrong at that moment. Lady Macduff has an interesting conversation with her son Sirrah about what they will do without a father. The messenger tells her to leave, that she is in danger. Lady Macduff does not know where to go, and she has done no wrong. As she realizes that doing well is sometimes a bad thing. The murderers arrive kill the son, but Lady Macduff escapes. Act V, Scene 3 Macbeth is wondering how the prophecy will come true, and tries to remain confident. Macbeth comforts his servant for seeming afraid but is told of the English forces. Macbeth tells Seyton this revolt will either remove or leave him happy, as right now he has none of things due a man of old age. Macbeth asks for his armor, planning to defend himself to the end. Macbeth asks the doctor to cure his wife. The doctor wishes he were not there. Malcolm hopes to regain the safety they once had. Menteith is sure it will happen. Malcolm tells each soldier to cut down a large tree branch and put it in front of him, thereby camouflaging himself. The scouts will think there are less of them that way. Macbeth waits in his castle, his only hope of defense. Though they have hopes of what they want to accomplish, now is the time for actual blows and battle to win. Macbeth says let them come to the castle; he can hold them off. If they did not have his soldiers, then he could have met them on the field and beat them back. .u8b6aaa3f8f29902a7a2a084020ff66ed , .u8b6aaa3f8f29902a7a2a084020ff66ed .postImageUrl , .u8b6aaa3f8f29902a7a2a084020ff66ed .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u8b6aaa3f8f29902a7a2a084020ff66ed , .u8b6aaa3f8f29902a7a2a084020ff66ed:hover , .u8b6aaa3f8f29902a7a2a084020ff66ed:visited , .u8b6aaa3f8f29902a7a2a084020ff66ed:active { border:0!important; } .u8b6aaa3f8f29902a7a2a084020ff66ed .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u8b6aaa3f8f29902a7a2a084020ff66ed { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u8b6aaa3f8f29902a7a2a084020ff66ed:active , .u8b6aaa3f8f29902a7a2a084020ff66ed:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u8b6aaa3f8f29902a7a2a084020ff66ed .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u8b6aaa3f8f29902a7a2a084020ff66ed .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u8b6aaa3f8f29902a7a2a084020ff66ed .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u8b6aaa3f8f29902a7a2a084020ff66ed .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u8b6aaa3f8f29902a7a2a084020ff66ed:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u8b6aaa3f8f29902a7a2a084020ff66ed .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u8b6aaa3f8f29902a7a2a084020ff66ed .u8b6aaa3f8f29902a7a2a084020ff66ed-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u8b6aaa3f8f29902a7a2a084020ff66ed:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Much Ado About Nothing - Do Men In The Play Hate Or Love The Women? EssayMacbeth has forgotten what it is like to be afraid; having as much fear as a man can bear. Macbeth wishes his wife had died later, at a better time. He comments on how life passes at this little speed, with people dying after a futile life. Macbeth says the messenger comes to speak. He should give his report quickly. The messenger, unsure of how to report what he saw, says Birnham wood appeared to move, thus the prophecy is fulfilled. Macbeth starts wishing this were just all over and prepares for death fighting. Macbeth knows he is stuck fighting, and he wonders who was not born of woman. Macbeth tell Young Siward who he is, and Macbeth says he should be not just hateful but fearful to Young Siwards ears. Macbeth says he does not fear any not of woman born and kills Young Siward. Macduff says he must kill Macbeth to avenge his family, and only Macbeth. By the noise of Macbeths armor, he locates him. Siward explains the battle is easy. Malcolm enters the castle. Macbeth asks why he should kill himself when the wounds he might inflict upon himself would look better upon his living enemies. Macbeth says he has avoided Macduff and does not want to kill him after killing his family. Macduff says he will speak with his sword instead of words. Macbeth says that Macduff will not hurt him. Macduff then reveals that he was ripped from his mothers womb while she died. Macbeth is angry to discover that the prophecy will come true and only provided him false hope. Macduff tells him to give up and explains he will be put on a pole and displays as a tyrant. Macbeth says he will try despite the prophecy rather than yield to Malcolm. Malcolm wishes no one had to die, but Siward says it is necessary and the cost was not that high for such a good day. Ross tells Siward that Young Siward, who just became a man in fighting, died. He tells him not to have sorrow, though. Siward says he died well. Macduff hails Malcolm as king holding Macbeths head. Although Macbeth started out as a good character evil became a factor. He listens to the prophecy and not to his heart, which lead him in the wrong direction. Power is a big factor through the whole play. That is all the characters fight about, and in the end, Malcolm becomes king and Macbeth losses his head. Therefore, which is more important, power or your life That is for you to decide.

Wide Sargasso Sea Essay Example

Wide Sargasso Sea Essay Example Wide Sargasso Sea Paper Wide Sargasso Sea Paper Wide Sargasso Sea is a novel set by a woman in the time when females were obviously being marginalised and seen as one of the least important roles in society. Many different views of womens role in the 1960s . The style written gave the impression that women were becoming aware of the feminist ideas. This grew out of the civil rights and the black movement. The women were especially active in these times. Also one note to be made is that reviews on this novel speak of Rhys style of writing is to do with women who need a man in order to live through the struggles of life looking and discussing this through my essay this concludes that this is true. The novel of Wide Sargasso Sea tells you what it was like to be a woman in these times, and a majority of the novel is written in the mind of a woman. The first relationship of the male and female is between the main two characters Mr Rochester and Antoinette. The most significant thing about this relationship is that the roles of power change. Instead of taking an inanimate object and bringing it to life, Shaw takes a lower class woman and passes her off as high-class royalty. While some of the audience at the time may have considered this as being brought to life, Shaw uses his play to show that the only real difference between classes is education and the way someone speaks. Yet his attack on the system is not an obvious overt critique but cleverly, woven into the story of Eliza the lower class woman forever concerned about her character, and Higgins the upper class educator who stubbornly will not change his ways and believes he is always right. Whist he abhors the idle upper and chattering middle classes more than the working class. This is obvious by his comparison between Elizas father and Freddie, describing Doolittle as the most original moralist in England (Shaw Pygmalion Act 5 p88), someone who Higgins is cautions when arguing with as he on several occasions has found himself losing ground, whilst Freddie is referred to as that young fool (Shaw Pygmalion act five p104). Pygmalion is not dissimilar to Cindirella, where the poor and lowly girl is transformed into a princess and marries her prince. Again, Shaw disappoints the audience by not giving them the fairy tale ending which was commonplace at the time, instead making Eliza a strong independent woman who does not want her prince (Higgins) and he does not want her. The show ends with them as equals yet both giving ground more out of courtesy than subjugation. Higgins telling Eliza to order a ham and gloves only to find that she is one-step ahead of him. While Higgins needs Eliza to organize his life, she needs him for financial support. Pygmalion is divided up into five acts in which the characters are introduced, the plot unfolds, and then an ending is produced, and contains stage directions for the characters to follow. Yet it does not describe the characters in to much detail apart from their attire. She is not at all a romantic figure she is perhaps eighteen perhaps twenty, hardly older Her features are no worse than theirs, but her condition leaves something to be desired, and she needs the services of a dentist. Shaw, Pygmalion Act 1 Page 10) While the novel WSS is played out in three parts of unequal length, the first part is narrated by Antoinette, then her husband, and finally by Berth, who is Antoinette, but by now has changed so much that she has almost become a ghost of someone else. Whist the change Eliza makes is dramatic from her first appearance, she is and remains the same woman we first are introduced to yet has become stronger, more confident, more alive and full of colour than her initial drab bawdy character. Antoinettes transformation into Betha takes the opposite approach and the colour and life being portrayed is that of her surroundings, while she becomes the drab grey figure in the attic. The narration in parts one and two portray vivid surroundings, sights and smells that contrast greatly against Pygmalions grubby beginnings waiting for a cab outside St Pauls standing on the veranda I breathed the sweetness of the air, cloves I could smell and cinnamon, roses and orange blossom. And an intoxicating freshness as if all this had never been breathed before (WSS p44) whilst the most description we receive from Shaw is of Elizas character She wears a little sailor hat of black straw that has long been exposed to the dust and soot of London (Pygmalion Act one page 11). The description in Pygmalion is only to assist those producing the play; the eventual look and feel of the set will be decided by someone other than the writer. Whilst WSS descriptive passages assist the reader, imagine in their minds wonderful tropical islands of scent and sunshine. These two pieces of work at first would seem worlds apart, yet under closer examination reveal similarities, both works examine the lives of women who go through dramatic changes in their lives, although Elizas changes are at her request, she approaches Higgins asking for lessons I want to be a lady in a flower shop. (Pygmalion act two P26/27), Antoinettes changes are mainly brought about by other people, her father dying, mother marrying then going insane, being trapped in a world between two cultures that do not accept her, and yet having no sign of her trying to escape this world. The change in Elizas language gives her power towards the end of the play, where she is able to converse at Higgins level putting them on an equal footing, which had been impossible before due to the language barrier, Eliza started out a comical figure for the audience, who then transforms into one of them. While in WSS, language is also a barrier to Rochester as the locals speak Patios and he has difficulty understanding them. Then she looked at me, shook her head, and muttered in Patois before she went out. WSS p64) This language barrier causes distrust between Rochester and Antoinette. Language is also an issue for the reader at the start in this book, where we have Godfrey, and Christophine, who have different dialects and speak in ways the reader would not easily understand. This makes us stand back from what is going on, and is only with the help of Antoinettes first person narrative that we are brought into this world. Another comparison between the two are the challenging of preconceived ideas regarding people. WSS challenges 1960s ideas regarding race, values, gender and colonialism, specifically regarding the Creole, and black community, but also making the reader think about the colonial past, with characters who do not understand their surroundings such as Rochester or Mr Mason who does not understand how dangerous the locals can be even with Annettes warnings. His assumption Theyre too damn lazy to be dangerous. (WSS page 16) shows Mason is a typically of the time stiff upper-lipped Englishman. When Annette responds that they can be cruel for reasons you wouldnt understand (WSS p16) he confirms his inability to comprehend the locals No I dont understand at all (WSS P16), he is also at this point telling us he does not understand Annette and her in his mind irrational fear of the locals, and perhaps also pointing out issues within society at the time regarding immigration. While Shaw deals with challenging womens place in society, by supporting equality and education for all as a means of bringing about change to the poor. Wide Sargasso Sea, also contains parental rejection that influences the main characters, Antoinette is rejected by her mother especially after her brother dies, the rejection between mother and daughter is an emotional experience, Antoinette initially receives the attention she has craved from her mother only to be rejected No No No, and then flung me from her (WSS page 26) that moment casts a shadow over the rest of Antoinettes relationships throughout the book. We also have Rochester who has been rejected by his father, and married off whilst his brother inherits the family fortune. Whilst Rhys had no real influence with this as Bronte has already given us this part of Rochesters history, Rhys re-emphasises this. We then have Daniel claiming to be Antoinettes brother, abandoned by his white father and causing trouble between Antoinette and Rochester. We also encounter in both books the selling of family, in WSS Daniel is asking for money in a malicious way from Rochester after exposing secrets from Antoinettes past, while Doolittle in Pygmalion is selling his daughter in an almost comical situation. Higgins and Doolittle barter, haggle and ague about who should keep Eliza, initially Higgins is revolted at the thought of someone selling their daughter, as would have been the audience of the time, however Doolittles response that he can not afford morals works with Higgins, and makes him questions his initial judgement. WSS has the narrator through out giving a voice to the story, with its voice changing reflecting different sides to the story helping the reader look at all view points. Shaw has also given his play a voice for the social messages he wishes to get across, in that of Elizas father. Here is a character the play could easily do without, he serves no real purpose to the plot, but he does act as Shaws own moralistic orator throughout, he spouts views from the working mans perspective, perhaps giving the audience its only real insight into a large portion of the population (Pygmalion page 47).

Goal Setting Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Goal Setting - Article Example How to set performance goals is the elite part of the book, that is, it helps the reader to aim and guide performance throughout the year. Such kind of performance enhancing goals provide the opportunity to evaluate employee performance, and it even renders help to recognize the barriers of performance which may hinder the real growth of persons or institutions. The book itself claims that is can â€Å"create a common understanding of expectations, improve one’s ability to track progress all year long and reduce the stress and anxiety associated with performance reviews when the review criteria are fuzzy or vague. To cap it all, one can infer that this book mainly focuses on setting performance goals. Through the work, the author reminds the vital role of careful planning, thoughtful strategy, and the faithful and consistent execution are all factors of success. In order to achieve this, one has to keep a strong determination based on a well planned goal setting. According to him, â€Å"Before actions are taken, a goal must exist.† Here the author regards goal are of two types—personal or professional, or it could be a team’s common purpose which one has to aim at. After reading the book, one realizes that setting goal is not as easy as one thinks. It has an extraordinary power which can make an overall change in one’s business or personal life. Author ends the book by revealing the vital role of discovering the purpose for goals and goal setting in a person’s life and in such away the book attracts the readers. The journal article entitled â€Å"Tips On Setting Goals - Setting Goals Objectives† by Cheryline Lawson gives informative ideas about the process of goal setting. Each and every person has goals that are mental, physical, personal, professional, and economical and family oriented. The article reveals various methods or tips of setting goals. One of the best methods to set goals is to write it down and keep it one’s memory. Finding

International Relations...Political Science Essay

International Relations...Political Science - Essay Example As a result the USA and the Soviet Union were left as the world’s only superpowers. The Cold War would result from the rivalry of these superpowers, and only ended shortly before the demise of the Soviet Union itself. Since the end of the Cold War there has been many debates about the position of the USA as the only superpower, as well as whether it is waxing and waning as an empire. There were various military, political, ideological and economic causes for the Cold War between the USA and the Soviet Union as well as their respective allies. The remarkable feat was that the USA and the Soviet Union had been allies alongside Britain in the first place. Neither power had been in the Second World War from the start, nor would they have become involved without being attacked by Germany and Japan respectively. The Soviet Union had done the bulk of the fighting against Germany, whilst the USA had defeated Japan virtually single-handed. The conferences at Yalta and Potsdam were meant to regulate the post-war world and it was hoped that the relationships between the wartime allies would remain good. The Soviet Union expected to be able to do what it liked in Central and Eastern Europe whilst the USA with Britain believed that those countries would be free to decide their own futures. The Soviet leader Joseph Stalin never had any intention of that happening, by 1948 all the states of Central and Eastern Europe were under communist control, with the Soviet army having a presence in all of those countries, apart from Yugoslavia and Albania. The USA and the governments of Western European countries feared that the Soviet Union wanted to advance further west. Conversely the Soviet Union feared that the Americans wished to end Soviet hegemony over Central and Eastern Europe. Mutual fears and misunderstandings definitely contributed to the onset of the Cold War, with the USA fearing the Soviet Union’s

An analysis of the Feminism Theory

An analysis of the Feminism Theory Belief in the social, political and economic equality of the sexes, the movement organized around this belief. Feminist theory is an outgrowth of the general movement to empower women worldwide. Feminism can be defined as a recognition and critique of male supremacy combined with effort to change it. Simply saying: Feminist fights for the equality of women and argue that women should share equally in societys opportunities and scare resources. Goals of Feminism: To demonstrate the importance of women. To reveal that historically women have been subordinate to men. To bring about gender equity. Historical Perspective: Three Waves of Feminism First Wave (19th through early 20th centuries). Second Wave (1960s-1980s). Third Wave (1990s-Present) First Wave Feminism: First-wave feminism refers to a period of feminist activity during the nineteenth century and early twentieth century. It focused primarily on gaining the right of womens suffrage. The term, first-wave, was coined retrospectively after the term second-wave feminism began to be used to describe a newer feminist movement that focused as much on fighting social and cultural inequalities as further political inequalities. Second Wave Feminism: The second-wave of the Womens Movement began during the early 1960s and lasted throughout the late 1970s. Whereas first-wave feminism focused mainly on overturning legal (de jure) obstacles to equality (i.e. voting rights, property rights), second-wave feminism addressed a wide range of issues, including unofficial (de facto) inequalities, official legal inequalities, sexuality, family, the workplace, and, perhaps most controversially, reproductive rights. Third Wave Feminism: Third-wave feminism began in the early 1990s, arising as a response to perceived failures of the second wave. and also as a response to the backlash against initiatives and movements created by the second wave. Feminist leaders rooted in the second wave like Gloria Anzaldua, bell hooks, Chela Sandoval, Cherrie Moraga, Audre Lorde, Maxine Hong Kingston, and many other feminists of color, sought to negotiate a space within feminist thought for consideration of race-related subjectivities. Types of Feminism: Liberal Feminism: All people are created equal and should not be denied equality of opportunity because of gender. Liberal Feminists focus their efforts on social change through the construction of legislation and regulation of employment practices. Inequality stems from the denial of equal rights. The primary obstacle to equality is sexism. Marxist Feminism: Division of labor is related to gender role expectations. Females give birth. Males left to support family Bourgeoisie=Men Proletariat=Women Radical Feminism: Male power and privilege is the basis of social relations. Sexism is the ultimate tool used by men to keep women oppressed. Women are the first oppressed group. Womens oppression is the most widespread. Womens oppression is the deepest. Socialist Feminism: Views womens oppression as stemming from their work in the family and the economy. Womens inferior position is the result of class-based capitalism. Socialist believes that history can be made in the private sphere (home) not just the public sphere (work). Feminism and the Media: The mass media have played an important role in the dilution of feminist goals and ideals. They often ignore, trivialize, or belittle the principles of feminism. The media employs several techniques or strategies that contribute to the negative representations of women and feminism, which are also damaging to the central goals of feminism. Women are often represented as sexual spectacles, as being on display for men. Patriarchal society dictates that women be constructed as an object for the gaze of the male spectator. Women are positioned as the passive object of the male gaze, rather than the subject in mainstream media and come to internalize this view (Dow, 1999; 1997; Wahers, 1992). Wahers (1992) describes the male gaze as the idea of men determining the specific vantage point of media depictions of women, as occupying a privileged space in the process-of contacting ways of seeing. Ways of seeing remains an important text for feminist cultural theorists who contend that women are forced to identify themselves within in a visual society constructed for male pleasure (Walters, 1999; 1992). Wolf (1992) suggests that womens attempts at achieving equality are negatively affected by images of women portrayed as sex objects. She discusses the concept of the beauty myth, which refers to how womens societal worth is based on physical appearance and youthful beauty. Walters argues that objectification of women is not an added-on attraction, but rather endemic to the very structure of image-making (Walters, 1999, p. 235). This is exemplified in media advertisements where women are frequently represented in what Wahers (1999) terms a fragmented way. Women are often signified by their specific body parts; their lips, legs, hair, eyes, etc., instead of being represented as a serious whole or subject. In advertisements women are urged to think of their bodies as things or parts that need to be molded and shaped into a male conception of female perfection. The fragmentation of the female body into body parts that women should then improve often results in women having self-hating re lationships with their bodies. Media Feminism in Pakistan: Muslim women form a highly diverse and complex group and assumptions about them are often ill-conceived, miss-informed and grossly miss-represented. This is often reflected in images of them, particularly in the West, as oppressed, powerless and victimized. The voices of Muslim women, striving to keep their religious identity in Western contexts, are seriously under-represented within academic research. In recent years there has been an increasing interest in Islamic culture as a fundamentalist and sensationalist phenomenon. Media coverage and Western scholarship often views Muslim women as an oppressed mute victim and asserts or implies that Islam itself oppresses women. Islamic Feminism and Its Role in Cinema is a study derived to counter react the portrayal of Muslim women by the media. Feminists and Muslim women activists have sought to determine the cause of discrimination against women by examining the effects on Muslim women of patriarchy, kinship and norms within Muslim and non-Muslim societies. 6 Overall trends in the published material focus on colonialism, Orientals and the media as the cause of discrimination against the Muslim womans identity. An extensive study of the research literature has failed to identify how Muslim women filmmakers represent Muslim women and whether they support feminist agenda. Critical Analysis: Movie Name: Dragon Seed (1944) Dragon Seed is co-directed by Harold S. Bucquet and Jack Conway. It received two Academy Award Nominations for Best Supporting Actress, Aline MacMahon, and for Best (Black-and-White) Cinematography, Sidney Wagner. The freewheeling plot has a heroic young Chinese feminist woman, Jade (Katharine Hepburn), who goes dressed as a man to lead her fellow peaceful farmer villagers in an uprising against the Japanese invaders. It opens in the spring of 1937 with patriarch Ling Tan (Walter Huston) and his family planting rice in the valley of Ling, China. The farmers are concerned about the recent Japanese invasion of the north, and take out their anger on Wu Lienas an angry student mob insists that he stop selling Japanese merchandise or else. When he refuses their demands, they destroy his store. Soon after the farmers observe Japanese airplanes bombing the nearby city. The pacifist Ling is shocked by the attack, but along with Lao San and eldest son Lao Ta (Robert Bice) decide to remain on their farm despite the anticipated dangers of a Japanese invasion. While Lao Er and Jade join a resistance group of refugees in the hills. Upon their departure the Japanese Army takes over the valley, and Lao Tas wife Orchid is raped and killed by the invading soldiers, who also kill Wu Liens elderly mother. Ling and his wife remain secure as they go into hiding. This cruelty drives the remaining sons of Ling to join the resistance. In the conclusion, Ling must accept that he must destroy his land so that he can sacrifice his present gains to ensure the future of his grandson. When Jade and hubby rejoin the resistance fighters in the hills to ensure a Free China, they leave their son the, seed of the dragon, in the care of his loving grandparents. The story of this movie showed that how the brave women struggles and fight for their country, she appears as a caring mother, a loving and trustworthy wife and a true patriot. The movie shows that how the heroic young Chinese woman leads her fellow villagers in an uprising against Japanese Invaders. This movie truly reflect the feminism theory.

Possible Effects Of Global Warming Essay

If the global temperature swells by another 7 degrees, then it may result in melting of polar ice which may result in about a 3 to 4 foot increase in sea levels. If such thing happens, then many low lying areas in the world especially Bangladesh, Netherlands, Guam, Indonesia, Maldives and Sri Lanka could be engulfed by sea waters. Increase in global temperature may trigger the spread of dreadful diseases like Malaria, Virus fever, dengue fever and other sub-tropical diseases. Ever increasing temperature may upset weather patterns all over the world , causing starvation due to drought in prime food –producing regions namely South Asia , sub-Saharan Africa and tropical Latin America. Due to unprecedented increase in temperature, the whole gamut of species of animals and plants could be wiped out. 7. MAJOR PLAYERS OF GLOBAL WARMING: U. S. A is not only a foremost economy of the world but also the largest consumer of fossil fuels and naturally, it is the biggest producer of greenhouse gasses, comprising of more than 20% of the world’s carbon dioxide emission which is about 5 billion metric tons. Being the most industrialized economy, U. S. A is heavily depending on coal, oil and natural gas for its energy needs and hence U. S. A government is rather reluctant to initiate any appropriate steps to limit the greenhouse gas emissions and charges that Arrhenius theory is only a myth. U. S. A is averse to initiate any immediate action restraining the use of fossil fuels or to limit such use as they fear it would have long term effect on its economy. According to Global Climate Change Coalition, an industry group which is vehemently opposing prescribing mandatory limits on greenhouse gas emissions as it would result in the ruining of economy. Further , a study pursued by the coalition group forecasts that if U. S. A pursues some measures on restricting its greenhouse gas emission , then it would result about a 3% decline in U. S gross domestic product by 2010, resulting in a fall of 25% in the growth rate of American’s standard of living. Fig 1: Source: Pew Centre on Global Climate Change, December 2004. 8. PREVENTIVE MEASURES: An international treaty namely ‘The Kyoto Protocol ‘was adopted in Kyoto, in Japan in 1997 mainly to curb the emissions of greenhouse gasses. The Kyoto Protocol has prescribed mandating limits on carbon emissions which took effect in 2005 nearly after eight years of it was introduced. Regrettably, U. S. A, the world’s top carbon emitter has yet to ratify the Kyoto Protocol. Some Energy companies and economists have proposed to introduce taxing carbon as an enticement to tempt both the industries and consumers to use low carbon emitting fuels. Gases like Chlorofluorocarbons [CFC] are man made ones and this gas was used as propellants in aerosol containers, as refrigerants and also being used as a solvent in the manufacture of computer chip. It has been discovered that CFC were mutilating the stratospheric ozone layer thereby permitting majority of the sun’s destructive ultraviolet radiation to reach the Earth. The World CFC manufacturers have agreed to phase out their production of CFC by signing 1987 Montreal Protocol on Substances that deplete the Ozone layer. It is to be observed that the man made gasses like CFC is damaging the Ozone layer only very little and the major culprit is the carbon dioxide. Further felling the trees also contribute the level of CO2 high in the atmosphere as green trees helps to remove the gasses from the atmosphere or to maintain equilibrium. During the May 2005, New Zealand had introduced â€Å"carbon taxes’ mainly to dissuade excessive use of carbon oriented fuels. Thus, New Zealand had imposed about 6% to home electricity consumption and 9% for business energy cost. By 2012, all signatories to Kyoto Protocol should reduce their GHG emissions to less than 5% which is below 1990 levels. Likewise, The European Union had introduced a regional cap –and-trade policy to make it convenient for high emitting EU countries to oblige. 9. ADVANTAGES OF LIMITING THE EMISSION: Some U. S industries, though initially opposed to prescribe caps on emission, later considered that the stricter policy as not only environmentally essential but also potentially advantageous to economy since it will push for the invention of new technologies. Further, Title IV of the 1992 Clean Air Act demanded industries and utilities to minimize their sulfur dioxide emissions which are released by burning coal. Many companies who have exceeded their target sold their excess allowances to some companies that fall short of complying the above provision. Thus, a market in sulfur dioxide allowances materialized. The trading of these excess allowances is being conducted on the Chicago Board of Trading along with the markets for agricultural products and pork belly futures. 10. THE METHODOLOGY OF GREENHOUSE WARMING EARTH’S SURFACE: The greenhouse phenomenon is nothing about carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases discharged into the Earth’s atmosphere will trap solar heat and such trapping will warm the earth’s surface and earth’s lower atmosphere. The greenhouse gas emission effect has been explained in the following diagram: FIG 2: EFFECT OF GREEN HOUSE GAS EMISSION: Source: National Aeronautics and Space Administration. 11. CRITICS ARGUMENT AGAINST FINDINGS: Some critics like Sallie Baliunas who is Harvard University’s astrophysics argue that in the past century alone, there was an increase of just 0. 5 degree Celsius and not more than a 10 to 20 % of a degree could have been caused by human-made greenhouse gases. According to Baliunas, the 0. 5 to 1. 5 degree Celsius warming foretold by the computer simulations overstates the greenhouse effect created by the equivalent 50% buildup of carbon dioxide. Some critics argue that IPCC disclosure that there is a perceptible human influence on global climate† tosses the finding itself into air. Some critics vehemently lament that sea-level surge predictions are embellished as the temperature in polar region would still remain below freezing. Some points out those supporters have projected an illusion that global warming would result in the spread of malaria and mosquito oriented diseases. Supporters of global warming have forgotten to take into account the advanced technology available as on date like air-conditioning, mosquito repellents and mosquito coils and modern medicines have completely eradicated Malaria from the soil of U. S. A and substantially in other countries. Likewise, critics assailed a report forecasting that algal blooms amplified by warming waters would cause cholera was disparaged as unfounded one by the evidence. 12. IPCC’s FINDINGS ON GLOBAL WARMING: United Nations’ Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [IPCC] has made the following revelations about global warming; ? There will be an increase of 15 to 90 centimeters in sea levels or by 6 inches to 3 feet by the year 2100. This mainly due to raising global warming which will melt polar ice sheets and the glaziers and there will be an expansion of water due to its getting warmed. ? Global warming will result in increase of extremely hotter days and there will be shrinking of cold days in general. ? There will be drastic change in weather pattern causing havoc floods like Katrina and some provinces will be engulfed by famine or droughts. ? There will be an intensity of rainfall as scientists would not predict whether severe storms and tropical cyclones would transform the intensity and location. If the sea level increases from half –foot to three feet level , then that would extensively flood the areas like parts of south Florida and southern Louisiana and would create an wide-ranging infrastructure changes in cities like Texas , Dallas , S. C , Charleston and some extent New York City. Further, regional warming trend over the past five decades has made ice shelves along the coast of Antarctica to crumple. Some supporters of the global warming argue that people would be benefit from climate change. According to World Climate Report, warmer climate will pave the way for opening up Siberia and northern Canada suitable for agriculture production, increase the rainfall globally and minimize the perils of winter driving. According to World Climate Report magazine that global warming would usher more advantages and these advantage will overtake its disadvantages. Imagine a warmer climate in poles, Siberia and in Netherlands. It would drastically reduce the energy consumption on heating, reduced clothing expenses, transportation will be less problematic and overall death rates would be at a lower level. Plants absorb the carbon dioxide through their leaves, employ it in the process of photosynthesis and then emit oxygen. Thus, the oxygen released by plant is taken up by the animals for their existence. Thus, carbon dioxide released by animals is returned to atmosphere and once again taken up by the plants as well as by oceans that envelop the Earth’s surface. 13. FUTURE ACTIONS TO BE PURSUED: United States, China and India are the three countries which have to be involved for the long-term reduction and these countries are not part of Kyoto’s Protocol first round. Since United States is not a signatory to the Kyoto’s Protocol, cutting emissions below 1990 level would be impossible to achieve. 14. ALTERNATE ENERGY: Wind energy is being employed in a large capacity in Germany and in a substantial way in countries like India, Denmark U. S, and Spain. As of today, wind energy is growing in a fast space due to technological advancement. It is to be observed that wind energy does not harm the environment and does not generate any greenhouse gases or atmospheric emission. Wind energy is named as renewable energy as it is replenishable and depends upon the sun as it is a form of solar energy. Hence, as long as sun is there, wind energy can be harnessed without any limit. Tidal energy is being harnessed to manufacture electricity also. A tidal power plant is in operation on the Rance River, an estuary of the English Channel in northwestern France since summer 1966. Tidal power plants will be most effective if the difference between high and low tides is enormous, as in Rance estuary, it is estimated that the difference is around 8. 5m or about 28 feet. Nuclear energy is a clean, competent and cost effective energy of the future. Some argue that though the nuclear energy is costly but it can be tolerated as it is a very efficient form of energy. For example, when set of uranium fuel rods is fitted in a nuclear reactor, it needs not to be replaced for many years. Further, uranium is available in plenty and its supplies are assured for many centuries ahead. As compared to fossil fuel based power plants , nuclear power plants does not emit toxic gasses in the atmosphere which ultimately responsible for global warming. It is to be remembered that a nuclear power plant does not pollute either the atmosphere or the water as compared to a coal-fired power plant.

Die Opvoeder as Leier, Bestuurder En Administrateur

Question 1 1. 1. Write a paragraph in which you discuss the role of communication in creatinga sustainable positive atmosphere in your classroom. Communication is the transmission of an idea by someone, thesender, and the understanding thereof by another, the receiver. Communication is important to the success of any relationship,without it the relationship is doomed to fail. In order to increase thequality of the relationship the communication needs to be effective.Effective communication between the educator and the learners Inhis/her class is essential in order to create and maintain a positiveatmosphere in the classroom. 1. 2. Write a paragraph in which you discuss the importance of establishingpositive educator-learner relationships in the creation of a sustainablepositive atmosphere in your classroom. A positive educator-learner relationship is important as it enablesboth the educator and the learners to risk being honest with eachother, care about each other, it promotes inter dependence, ensuresmutual needs are met and allows each individual to develop their  own individuality.The creation of the above leads to trust between the educator andlearners and as such will result in a positive classroom atmosphere. Creating a good educator-learner relationship involves the following(Coetzee 2010:87): ? Creating open, professionally appropriate dialogue with learners. ?  Ã‚  Systematically building better relationships with learners. ?  Ã‚  Maintaining a high rate of positive to negative statements. ?  Ã‚  Communicating high expectations. ?  Ã‚  Creating opportunities for personal discussion.Guidelines that can be used to avoid the negative effects of educator  expectations are as follows (Coetzee 2010:87): †¢ Use sensitive information on learners carefully. †¢    Be flexible in your use of group strategies. Be careful how you respond to low-achieving learners duringclass discussions. ? Use materials that show a wide range of ethnic group s. Be fair inyour evaluation and disciplinary procedures. ? Communicate to all learners that you believe that they can learn. ? Involve all learners in learning tasks and privileges. ? Monitor your non-verbal communication. . 3. Discuss how you would promote learner participation in a multiculturalclassroom by creating a learning environment that supports socialising andintercultural interaction . ? I would first read through all the learning materials for that givensubject in order to determine if there is any aspect of the work or  activities which may be culturally insensitive to any of thelearners in the class. ? I am aware that cognitive learning styles are culturally dependentand therefore will use a variety of teaching styles, methods andstrategies in my teaching of the class. ?In order for the learners to participate and actively cooperate witheach other it is necessary to be aware of any instances of  cultural insensitivity immediately and take action, a way to avoidthe se situations, I could allow those members of differentcultures to explain about certain aspects of their culture to theother members of the class. This way I as the educator and theclass will learn about other cultures. ? I expect all the learners in my class to achieve to the best of their  ability as all people are able to learn provided they put in the timeand effort to do so.I am also aware that the academic andlearning ability of learners differ, so they at the beginning of theacademic year are required to set their own personal goals whichthey then work towards. These goals set are at levels slightlyabove what each learner believes they can achieve in order tochallenge them. When checking work done in activities the class needs to assistthe learner who is answering the specific question if they makean error in order to correct it, if they are unable to detect or  correct the error, I as the educator assist in guiding them to thecorrect answer. Question 2 2. 1.Name five wa ys in which educators can improve learner motivation in theclassroom . a) Make the learning task more challenging. b) Place less emphasis on teaching and grades. c) Move from extrinsic to intrinsic motivation. d) Have high expectations of each learner. e) Increase the learners ¶ perception that they control the learningsituation. 2. 2. Draw up the following of a classroom policy: 2. 2. 1. Aims and objectives of our class . Class Aims: To achieve our academic and intellectual potential through hardwork as a cooperative group, while promoting the acceptance of  others and respect for others.Individual Objectives: Each individual sets their own goals to achieve at the end of theyear (long-term) in order to contribute to the overall class aim. In order to achieve their own end of year goals the learners setshorter term goals in order to assist them in achieving their long-term goals. 2. 2. 2. Rules for our classroom . 1) We must respect ourselves, others and the educator. 2) We must be on time. 3) We must enter the class quietly, and get ready to work. 4) We need to bring all our stationary and books to class. 5) We must raise our hands to ask questions in class. ) We must not eat nor drink in class7) We must never disrupt another learner ¶s work. 8) We don ¶t leave litter on the floor, we put it in the bin. 2. 2. 3. Task division . Educator: ? Always prepared and punctual. ? Provide assistance to learners. ? Manage the classroom appropriately. ? Discipline learners fairlyLearners: ? Ensure all work is completed on time. ? Maintain a clean learning environment. ? Respect one another. ? Make sure all learning materials are brought to class. 2. 3. Define the following concepts: 2. 3. 1. L eadership The ability of an individual to influence other individuals or a groupto achieve goals. 2. 3. 2. C ntrol Assessment of work done and where necessary to realign andcorrect work done which is incorrect or not up to standard. 2. 3. 3. I ntrinsic motivation An inner d esire to be successful at a certain task (self-motivation) 2. 3. 4 . C ommunication The transmission of an idea by someone, the sender, and theunderstanding thereof by another. Communication can be verbal or  non-verbal. 2. 3. 5 . Co-operative learning A team approach to learning where each member of the group isdependent on the other members to accomplish a specific learningtask on an assignment. 2. 4 . Describe the autocratic and democratic styles of classroom management .Autocratic leadership style: Autocratic leadership is an educator-centred approach to theclassroom which is characterised by the strong leadership role of theeducator. The main focus of this type of leadership is on thecompletion of tasks and the learners ¶ ability to listen, work and do. Theadvantages of this type of leadership include the promotion of goodorder and an established routine in which some learners feel moresecure. The drawbacks of this type of leadership include one-waycommunication, rigid disc ipline, passive learner participation, a morereserved and unapproachable educator and little room for creativethinking.Democratic leadership style: This leadership style is characterised by educators that have goodsubject knowledge, who are good natured, helpful, fair, and warm. Educators who practice this management style encourage learner  participation. The advantages of this type of leadership include learner  confidence to participate in classroom activities, a relaxed positiveatmosphere and learners constantly being involved in learningactivities. 2. 5 . Explain how a message is conveyed by referring to the communication processmodel . In order for there to be communication there first needs to be apurpose for communication or a message to be conveyed.Thismessage is then encoded by the sender and passed onto the receiver  via a communication medium. The message is then decoded by thereceiver. This results in a transfer of meaning from the sender to thereceiver, who then may give feedback back to the sender. Question 3  µ A delict is an unlawful, culpable (intentional or negligent) act (or omission)committed by a person, which infringes the rights of another or causes himor her harm.  ¶ (Coetzee 2010:188) ? To constitute delict, one person must have caused harm or damage to another byhis or her action or conduct .The conduct must be voluntary human action and maybe either a positive action or an omission .  µ In terms of this element of delictual liability the school can be held liable asthey failed to remove the piece of steel or at least clearly demarcate thearea around the piece of steel, in order to make people aware of it. Thecoach, knowing that there is a possibility that players could fall during thewarm up due to the nature of the sport, could also be held responsible asthe teams were responsible for choosing a warm up area and the coachshould as such have checked the area for any objects that could causeharm to team members. The act w hich causes harm must be wrongful, that is, it must be legallyreprehensible or unreasonable in terms of the legal convictions of the community . To test for unlawfulness, the boni mores principle is applied . The question here iswhether the harm caused was unjustified in the circumstances . I n the absence of  wrongfulness a defendant may not be held liable .  µ The school can be held liable as they should have taken all precautions tohelp to prevent an injury of this nature to any person on their schoolgrounds.Knowing that they were hosting a basketball tournament theyshould have removed any objects that could cause injuries to any playersor clearly demarcate the areas where there could be concerns over theplayer ¶s safety. The coach in being responsible for the safety of his teamshould have thoroughly inspected the area chosen for the warm up for anydangerous objects. ? The act must be the result of fault in the form of intent (d  olus) or negligence(culpa) . Fault refers to blameworthy attitude or conduct of someone who has actedwrongfully .  µThe coach of the team was negligent as he should have inspected thearea for any danger to the players, if he had done so he would have seenthe piece of steel and then either have chosen a different warm up area or  at least warn the players to either avoid that area or be careful around it. The school could be seen to be negligent for failure to remove the piece of  steel or clearly demarcate the area around the piece of school. ? There is a casual relationship between the conduct of the perpetrator and the harmsuffered by the victim . I general, it should be shown that the person ·s injury didresult from the actions of the person charged with negligence . I n other words, theremust be a clear casual relationship between the act and the injury . A person cannotbe held liable if he or she has not caused any damage .  µ The school ¶s negligence in not removing the piece of steel or demarcatingthe are a around it resulted in the injury to the player, as such they can beheld liable. The coach for not thoroughly inspecting the area in which theplayers would warm up could also be held liable. ?A delict is a wrongful and culpable act which has harmful consequences . Damagesin the form of patrimonial loss or non-patrimonial loss must be present . There mustbe a connection between the negligent conduct and the injury (physical or mental ) . To receive an award for damages, a plaintiff must have suffered an injury as a resultof the defendant ·s negligent conduct . The plaintiff must prove that some damageoccurred . Although the injury or damage does not need to be substantial for anaward to be ordered, the injury must be real rather than be imagined .The courts aregenerally reluctant to award damages where there is not some form of injury .  µ Damages are present which are due to the negligent conduct on the partof the school, not removing the piece of steel or demarcating the areas urrounding the piece of steel, and coach, for not thoroughly inspectingthe area on which his players will be using to warm up. Contributory fault is where a learner does not show the degree of carenormally expected form someone of his or her age, knowledge andexperience.If this is present the educator will not be solely liable for anydamages resulting from an injury by his or her act. In the case in question,if the basketball tournament is for a junior age group (ie. under 15 ¶s) or asenior age group (ie. under 18 ¶s) will determine if there is contributory faulton the part of the learner ¶s. Under 18 learners ¶ can reasonably beexpected to be responsible enough to check themselves for any danger onthe warm up area chosen. Whereas the under 15 learners ¶ cannotreasonably be expected to check for any danger.